贵州农业科学
貴州農業科學
귀주농업과학
GUIZHOU AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
2015年
5期
33-37
,共5页
何林卫%陈晓明%张长华%蒋卫%饶兴义%冯小芽%徐真强%黄建国
何林衛%陳曉明%張長華%蔣衛%饒興義%馮小芽%徐真彊%黃建國
하림위%진효명%장장화%장위%요흥의%풍소아%서진강%황건국
烤烟%种植模式%轮作%连作%施肥
烤煙%種植模式%輪作%連作%施肥
고연%충식모식%륜작%련작%시비
flue-cured tobacco%planting pattern%crop rotation%continuous cropping%fertilization
为给烤烟优质栽培提供科学依据,通过10年定位试验,研究了不同种植模式与施肥对烤烟产质量和养分利用的影响。结果表明:烤烟轮作+有机无机配施的烟株发病率最低,烟叶产量和产值,比烤烟连作+单施化肥分别提高13.53%和57.23%。在轮作+有机无机配施处理烟株的氮、磷、钾吸收量显著高于连作+单施化肥。植烟土壤中的有效养分呈单峰曲线变化,与烟株养分需要协调一致。经地下径流流失的氮、钾分别占施肥量的19.18%~26.54%和18.42%~23.41%,其中,硝态氮超过氮素流失量的98%。烤烟轮作+有机无机配施的处理氮、钾流失量低于连作+单施化肥处理。
為給烤煙優質栽培提供科學依據,通過10年定位試驗,研究瞭不同種植模式與施肥對烤煙產質量和養分利用的影響。結果錶明:烤煙輪作+有機無機配施的煙株髮病率最低,煙葉產量和產值,比烤煙連作+單施化肥分彆提高13.53%和57.23%。在輪作+有機無機配施處理煙株的氮、燐、鉀吸收量顯著高于連作+單施化肥。植煙土壤中的有效養分呈單峰麯線變化,與煙株養分需要協調一緻。經地下徑流流失的氮、鉀分彆佔施肥量的19.18%~26.54%和18.42%~23.41%,其中,硝態氮超過氮素流失量的98%。烤煙輪作+有機無機配施的處理氮、鉀流失量低于連作+單施化肥處理。
위급고연우질재배제공과학의거,통과10년정위시험,연구료불동충식모식여시비대고연산질량화양분이용적영향。결과표명:고연륜작+유궤무궤배시적연주발병솔최저,연협산량화산치,비고연련작+단시화비분별제고13.53%화57.23%。재륜작+유궤무궤배시처리연주적담、린、갑흡수량현저고우련작+단시화비。식연토양중적유효양분정단봉곡선변화,여연주양분수요협조일치。경지하경류류실적담、갑분별점시비량적19.18%~26.54%화18.42%~23.41%,기중,초태담초과담소류실량적98%。고연륜작+유궤무궤배시적처리담、갑류실량저우련작+단시화비처리。
The effects of different planting and fertilization patterns on yield,quality and nutrient utilization of flue-cured tobacco were studied by ten-year fixed test to provide the scientific basis for quality cultivation of flue-cured tobacco in Zunyi.The disease rate of flue-cured tobacco plants under the flue-cured tobacco rotation plus organic and inorganic fertilizer combining application pattern is minimum,but leaf yield and output value both are maximum,13.53% and 57.23% higher than the flue-cured rotation plus single chemical fertilizer application pattern respectively.N,P and K absorption amount of flue-cured tobacco plants under the flue-cured tobacco rotation plus organic and inorganic fertilizer combining application pattern is higher than the flue-cured rotation plus single chemical fertilizer application pattern significantly because of its biomass increase.The effective nutrient components in soil represent a single peak trend,accord with nutrient demand of flue-cured tobacco plants,which may be one of causes to suitably cultivate flue-cured tobacco.The nitrate nitrogen loss amount exceeds 98% nitrogen loss amount in groundwater runoff.N and K loss amount in groundwater runoff accounts for 19.18%~26.54% and 18.42% ~ 23.41% of fertilization amount respectively,which indicates that massive loss of N and K fertilized in soil results in fertilizer waste and water pollution.In addition,N and k loss amount under the flue-cured tobacco rotation plus organic and inorganic fertilizer combining application pattern is lower.In conclusion,the flue-cured tobacco rotation plus organic and inorganic fertilizer combining application pattern and fertilization technique should be used and improved in cultivation of flue-cured tobacco.