安徽史学
安徽史學
안휘사학
HISTORIOGRAPHY ANHUI
2015年
3期
17-26
,共10页
清末%城镇乡%府厅州县%地方自治%官治
清末%城鎮鄉%府廳州縣%地方自治%官治
청말%성진향%부청주현%지방자치%관치
late Qing Dynasty%cities%towns%local autonomy%official governance
清末地方自治包括府厅州县和城镇乡地方自治两个层级，并建构了两个层级不同的官治与自治模式，即在城镇乡一级实行“以自治辅助官治”，而府厅州县则实行“自治与官治合并”之制度。两种模式都借鉴了日本自治制度，但都有所不同。就清末城镇乡地方自治的运行来看，由于地方自治章程赋予官府监督自治之权，也由于自治团体为谋求地方利益，常常也会与官府对立，所以，官治与自治常常处于矛盾冲突之中。
清末地方自治包括府廳州縣和城鎮鄉地方自治兩箇層級，併建構瞭兩箇層級不同的官治與自治模式，即在城鎮鄉一級實行“以自治輔助官治”，而府廳州縣則實行“自治與官治閤併”之製度。兩種模式都藉鑒瞭日本自治製度，但都有所不同。就清末城鎮鄉地方自治的運行來看，由于地方自治章程賦予官府鑑督自治之權，也由于自治糰體為謀求地方利益，常常也會與官府對立，所以，官治與自治常常處于矛盾遲突之中。
청말지방자치포괄부청주현화성진향지방자치량개층급，병건구료량개층급불동적관치여자치모식，즉재성진향일급실행“이자치보조관치”，이부청주현칙실행“자치여관치합병”지제도。량충모식도차감료일본자치제도，단도유소불동。취청말성진향지방자치적운행래간，유우지방자치장정부여관부감독자치지권，야유우자치단체위모구지방이익，상상야회여관부대립，소이，관치여자치상상처우모순충돌지중。
There were two hierarchies of local autonomy in the late Qing period,one in cities(府厅州县)and the other in towns(城镇乡),which together constructed two models of different hierarchies of official governance and autonomy,that is, making autonomy as the assistant of official governance in cities and making autonomy and official governance together in towns.The two models were all learnt from the autonomous system in Japan and made changes.As to the execution of the au-tonomy in cities,on one hand,the government got the rights to supervise autonomy from the constitutions of local autonomy, on the other,the autonomous groups were against with the government for seeking local interests,therefore,the official govern-ance and autonomy were often in contradiction.
