行政法学研究
行政法學研究
행정법학연구
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW
2015年
3期
35-59
,共25页
诉愿制度%“诉愿法”
訴願製度%“訴願法”
소원제도%“소원법”
Petition System%Petition Law
诉愿乃是人民因行政机关所为违法或不当之行政处分侵害其权益，或机关怠于作出人民申请之行政处分而侵害其权益时，于行政体系内之救济制度。我国台湾地区之诉愿制度肇始于《中华民国临时约法》。自此后，诉愿即为人民对抗“国家”（行政机关）公权力侵害之重要基本权利。1930年之“诉愿法”确立了诉愿、再诉愿的两级制。1998年修正时，废除再诉愿，目前仅剩诉愿一级。且诉愿之性质、功能之加强和诉愿决定之拘束力在新修法中都有明确体现。但现行法仍有些规定或不合时宜，或因相关法规已修正，而有修正之必要。诉愿之提起改为向诉愿管辖机关提起、由委托机关作为诉愿管辖机关、增设拒为处分之课以义务诉愿都是未来可能之修法方向。在共同诉愿及诉愿参加上也宜有较大修正。而在诉愿制度之存废问题上，参照德日制度同时，也应注意到诉愿制度在我国台湾地区之独特性。
訴願迺是人民因行政機關所為違法或不噹之行政處分侵害其權益，或機關怠于作齣人民申請之行政處分而侵害其權益時，于行政體繫內之救濟製度。我國檯灣地區之訴願製度肇始于《中華民國臨時約法》。自此後，訴願即為人民對抗“國傢”（行政機關）公權力侵害之重要基本權利。1930年之“訴願法”確立瞭訴願、再訴願的兩級製。1998年脩正時，廢除再訴願，目前僅剩訴願一級。且訴願之性質、功能之加彊和訴願決定之拘束力在新脩法中都有明確體現。但現行法仍有些規定或不閤時宜，或因相關法規已脩正，而有脩正之必要。訴願之提起改為嚮訴願管轄機關提起、由委託機關作為訴願管轄機關、增設拒為處分之課以義務訴願都是未來可能之脩法方嚮。在共同訴願及訴願參加上也宜有較大脩正。而在訴願製度之存廢問題上，參照德日製度同時，也應註意到訴願製度在我國檯灣地區之獨特性。
소원내시인민인행정궤관소위위법혹불당지행정처분침해기권익，혹궤관태우작출인민신청지행정처분이침해기권익시，우행정체계내지구제제도。아국태만지구지소원제도조시우《중화민국림시약법》。자차후，소원즉위인민대항“국가”（행정궤관）공권력침해지중요기본권리。1930년지“소원법”학립료소원、재소원적량급제。1998년수정시，폐제재소원，목전부잉소원일급。차소원지성질、공능지가강화소원결정지구속력재신수법중도유명학체현。단현행법잉유사규정혹불합시의，혹인상관법규이수정，이유수정지필요。소원지제기개위향소원관할궤관제기、유위탁궤관작위소원관할궤관、증설거위처분지과이의무소원도시미래가능지수법방향。재공동소원급소원삼가상야의유교대수정。이재소원제도지존폐문제상，삼조덕일제도동시，야응주의도소원제도재아국태만지구지독특성。
Petition is a relief system within the administrative system when the people’s right or interest is harmed by the administrative body’s illegal behaviors, improper administrative punishment or administrative body not making related administrative punishment applied by people. In Taiwan, began from the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China, it became the major basic right for people to fight against the harm of public power by the state (the administrative body). In 1930, the petition law set up the two-tier system of first petition and second petition, and the latter was repealed in 1988 amendment, leaving the one tier of petition now. Moreover, in the new amendment, there are clear explanation of its nature, the strength of its function and the binding of related decision. However, there are still some improper rules due to time pasting or the improvement of other related rules needing amendment in the current law. Filing to petition jurisdiction organ, delegate authorities being the petition jurisdiction organs, as well as some other points may all be its future amendment directions. For common petition and petition participation, major amendment is also in need. While for the existence of the petition system, besides referring to Germany and Japan, the uniqueness of the system in Taiwan should also be taken into consideration.
