CAJ | 학술논문

目的：调查西安市中小学生脊柱侧凸的患病情况，提高脊柱侧凸防治水平。方法：2013年9月至2014年4月随机在西安市选取31所中小学，选择其中7～18岁的学生进行调查，依次对所有受检者进行体格检查、脊柱侧凸测量尺检查及 X 线检查，X线检查脊柱侧凸 Cobb’s 角≥10°者诊断为脊柱侧凸。结果：此次调查共涉及30742名学生，男15898名，女14844名。体格检查阳性者1121例，阳性率3．65％；脊柱侧凸测量尺检查阳性者789例，阳性率2．57％；X 线检查阳性者393例，阳性率1．28％。最终诊断为脊柱侧凸者393例，男160例，女233例，女生患病率高于男生（χ2＝19．296，P ＝0．000）。Cobb’s 角10°～19°者329例， Cobb’s 角20°～39°者56例，Cobb’s 角≥40°者8例。胸腰段侧凸157例，其中向左侧凸101例、向右侧凸56例；胸段侧凸123例，其中向左侧凸43例、向右侧凸80例；腰段侧凸80例，其中向左侧凸56例、向右侧凸24例；胸腰双弯33例。将调查对象按年龄分为3组（7～9岁组、10～15岁组和16～18岁组），3组患病率比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2＝43．927，P ＝0．000）；两两比较（α′＝0．017），7～9岁组患病率低于10～15岁组和16～18岁组（χ2＝42．459，P ＝0．000；χ2＝43．149，P ＝0．000）；10～15岁组和16～18岁组患病率比较，差异无统计学意义（χ2＝0．278，P ＝0．000）。7～9岁组和16～18岁组男女患病率比较，差异均无统计学意义（χ2＝0．036，P ＝0．849；χ2＝0．025，P ＝0．847）；10～15岁组男生患病率低于女生（χ2＝24．738，P ＝0．000）。结论：西安市中小学10岁以上学生的脊柱侧凸患病率较高，10～15岁年龄段的女生患病率高于男生，应引起足够重视。
목적：조사서안시중소학생척주측철적환병정황，제고척주측철방치수평。방법：2013년9월지2014년4월수궤재서안시선취31소중소학，선택기중7～18세적학생진행조사，의차대소유수검자진행체격검사、척주측철측량척검사급 X 선검사，X선검사척주측철 Cobb’s 각≥10°자진단위척주측철。결과：차차조사공섭급30742명학생，남15898명，녀14844명。체격검사양성자1121례，양성솔3．65％；척주측철측량척검사양성자789례，양성솔2．57％；X 선검사양성자393례，양성솔1．28％。최종진단위척주측철자393례，남160례，녀233례，녀생환병솔고우남생（χ2＝19．296，P ＝0．000）。Cobb’s 각10°～19°자329례， Cobb’s 각20°～39°자56례，Cobb’s 각≥40°자8례。흉요단측철157례，기중향좌측철101례、향우측철56례；흉단측철123례，기중향좌측철43례、향우측철80례；요단측철80례，기중향좌측철56례、향우측철24례；흉요쌍만33례。장조사대상안년령분위3조（7～9세조、10～15세조화16～18세조），3조환병솔비교，차이유통계학의의（χ2＝43．927，P ＝0．000）；량량비교（α′＝0．017），7～9세조환병솔저우10～15세조화16～18세조（χ2＝42．459，P ＝0．000；χ2＝43．149，P ＝0．000）；10～15세조화16～18세조환병솔비교，차이무통계학의의（χ2＝0．278，P ＝0．000）。7～9세조화16～18세조남녀환병솔비교，차이균무통계학의의（χ2＝0．036，P ＝0．849；χ2＝0．025，P ＝0．847）；10～15세조남생환병솔저우녀생（χ2＝24．738，P ＝0．000）。결론：서안시중소학10세이상학생적척주측철환병솔교고，10～15세년령단적녀생환병솔고우남생，응인기족구중시。
Objective:To investigate the prevalence of scoliosis in primary and secondary school students in Xi’an so as to improve the prevention and treatment level of scoliosis.Methods:From September 2013 to April 2014,31 primary and secondary schools in Xi’an were randomly selected,in which students of 7 -18 years old were investigated by physical examination,scoliosis measuring scale measurement and X-ray examination successively.The subjects with scoliosis Cobb’s angle of ≥10°in X-ray examination were diagnosed as scoliosis. Results:A total of 30 742 students(15 898 males and 14 844 females)were involved in this survey.The physical examination results were positive in 1121 cases(positive rate 3.65%),and scoliosis measuring scale measurement results were positive in 789 cases(positive rate 2.57%),and X-ray examination results were positive in 393 cases(positive rate 1.28%).Ultimately,393 cases(160 males and 233 fe-males)were diagnosed as scoliosis and the prevalence rate was higher in females compared to males(χ2 =19.296,P =0.000).Cobb’s an-gle of 10 -19 degrees was found in 329 cases,while Cobb’s angle of 20 -39 degrees was found in 56 cases and Cobb’s angle of ≥40°was found in 8 cases.The thoracolumbar lateral curvature was found in 157 cases(bend to the left in 101 cases and to the right in 56 cases);123 patients suffered from thoracic lateral curvature(bend to the left in 43 cases and to the right in 80 cases);80 cases belonged to lumbar lateral curvature(bend to the left in 56 cases and to the right in 24 cases);and lateral curvature was found in thoracic and lumbar spine in 33 cases.Respondents were divided into 3 groups according to age(7 -9-years-old group,10 -15-years-old group and 16 -18-years-old group).There was statistical difference in the prevalence rate of scoliosis between the three groups(χ2 =43.927,P =0.000).Further pair-wise comparison(α′=0.017)showed that the prevalence rate was lower in 7 -9-years-old group compared to the other two groups(χ2 =42.459,P =0.000;χ2 =43.149,P =0.000).No statistical difference was found between 10 -15-years-old group and 16 -18-years-old group(χ2 =0.278,P =0.000).There was no statistical difference in the prevalence rate between males and females in 7 -9-years-old group and 16 -18-years-old group(χ2 =0.036,P =0.849;χ2 =0.025,P =0.847),and the prevalence rate was lower in male studentscompare to female students in 10 -15-years-old group(χ2 =24.738,P =0.000).Conclusion:The prevalence rate of scoliosis is high in students more than 10 years old in primary and secondary schools in Xi’an and females have a relative higher prevalence rate compared to males in 10 -15-years-old students,which should be paid enough attention.