CAJ | 학술논문

经过近20年的研究和实践，益生素和益生元在水产养殖场和鱼苗繁殖场的规模化使用已成为现实。目前研究主要集中在环境友好型菌类/群的选择，及抗生素替代产品的选择。益生菌和益生素主要为宿主肠道菌群提供直接或间接的选择性优化产品，可能的作用机制是增加胃肠道有益菌的数量(如乳酸菌和其它有益杆菌)，产生特殊的抑制化合物，并对潜在的病原菌产生抑制，抑制毒力基因的表达，增强机体的免疫反应，改善胃肠形态和提高消化机能。因此，益生素和益生菌的使用可提高鱼体健康状况，提高鱼体抗病力，促进生长性能，改善体组成，降低畸形率和保持更好的胃肠道微生态平衡。目前大量的研究正在证实益生素和益生元在水产养殖上应用的可靠性，但目前研究中的产品使用方案与养殖实践中的使用方案存在较大的差异。因此，制定合适的使用方案对于商业水平的应用显得至关重要。未来研究应集中于益生素和益生元的使用方案上。
경과근20년적연구화실천，익생소화익생원재수산양식장화어묘번식장적규모화사용이성위현실。목전연구주요집중재배경우호형균류/군적선택，급항생소체대산품적선택。익생균화익생소주요위숙주장도균군제공직접혹간접적선택성우화산품，가능적작용궤제시증가위장도유익균적수량(여유산균화기타유익간균)，산생특수적억제화합물，병대잠재적병원균산생억제，억제독력기인적표체，증강궤체적면역반응，개선위장형태화제고소화궤능。인차，익생소화익생균적사용가제고어체건강상황，제고어체항병력，촉진생장성능，개선체조성，강저기형솔화보지경호적위장도미생태평형。목전대량적연구정재증실익생소화익생원재수산양식상응용적가고성，단목전연구중적산품사용방안여양식실천중적사용방안존재교대적차이。인차，제정합괄적사용방안대우상업수평적응용현득지관중요。미래연구응집중우익생소화익생원적사용방안상。
ABSTRACT:After 20 years of research on probiotics and prebiotics,the large scale uses had become a reality in aquaculture and fish breeding farms.The present researches focused on the selection of environment friendly bacteria and alternative to antibiotics.Probiot-ics and prebiotics offered potential alternatives by providing benefits to the host primarily via the direct or indirect modulation of the gut microbiota.The possible mechanism was as that:beneficial bacteria increased in the gastrointestinal tract,such as lactic acid bacteria and other bacteria,special inhibitory compounds produced,which inhibited the potential pathogen and the expression of virulence genes, enhanced the immune response,improved the gastrointestinal morphology and digestive function.Therefore,the application of probiot-ics and prebiotics could improve body health and disease resistance,growth performance,body composition,reduce malformations and improved gastrointestinal microbial balance.A lot of researches were confirmed the reliability of probiotics and prebiotics in aquaculture applications.However,application strategies applied in current studies were varied and often impractical at industrial level farming. Thus,it was important to plan an effective feeding strategy for commercial level applications.Future research should focus on the appli-cation strategies of probiotics and prebiotics.