江西师范大学学报（自然科学版）
江西師範大學學報（自然科學版）
강서사범대학학보（자연과학판）
JOURNAL OF JIANGXI NORMAL UNIVERSITY（NATURAL SCIENCES EDITION）
2015年
3期
257-262
,共6页
鄱阳湖%共存机制%生态位分化%形态特征
鄱暘湖%共存機製%生態位分化%形態特徵
파양호%공존궤제%생태위분화%형태특정
Poyang Lake%coexistence mechanism%niche separation%morphological characteristic
为从形态学阐述水鸟共存机制，对鄱阳湖越冬的常见水鸟（24种游禽和36种涉禽）的体质量、体长、嘴峰、跗蹠长进行统计分析.结果显示，游禽间体质量比值（1.22±0.06）和嘴峰比值（1.22±0.14）略高，体长比值（1.09±0.03）和跗蹠长比值（1.07±0.02）略低.涉禽间体质量比值（1.18±0.03）略高，体长比值（1.07±0.01）、嘴峰比值（1.09±0.01）和跗蹠长比值（1.08±0.2）略低.游禽和涉禽的各形态特征比值均在1.1~1.2左右，这说明鄱阳湖鸟类的共存主要依赖物种的生态习性的分化维持的.亲缘物种形态特征较为相似.灰鹤（ Grus grus）与白枕鹤（ G. vipio）、小白额雁（ Anser erythropus）与灰雁（ A. anser）、罗纹鸭（ Anas falcata）与针尾鸭（ A. acuta）、斑嘴鸭（ A. poecilorhyncha）与赤颈鸭（ A. penelope）等鸟类间形态相似性较高，黑翅长脚鹬（ Himantopus himantopus）、反嘴鹬（ Recurvirostra avosetta）、白琵鹭（ Platalea leucoro-dia）、苍鹭（ Ardea cinerea）等鸟类与其它水鸟差异较大.运用竞争排斥原理分析了水鸟形态分化与物种共存和数量多寡的关系.
為從形態學闡述水鳥共存機製，對鄱暘湖越鼕的常見水鳥（24種遊禽和36種涉禽）的體質量、體長、嘴峰、跗蹠長進行統計分析.結果顯示，遊禽間體質量比值（1.22±0.06）和嘴峰比值（1.22±0.14）略高，體長比值（1.09±0.03）和跗蹠長比值（1.07±0.02）略低.涉禽間體質量比值（1.18±0.03）略高，體長比值（1.07±0.01）、嘴峰比值（1.09±0.01）和跗蹠長比值（1.08±0.2）略低.遊禽和涉禽的各形態特徵比值均在1.1~1.2左右，這說明鄱暘湖鳥類的共存主要依賴物種的生態習性的分化維持的.親緣物種形態特徵較為相似.灰鶴（ Grus grus）與白枕鶴（ G. vipio）、小白額雁（ Anser erythropus）與灰雁（ A. anser）、囉紋鴨（ Anas falcata）與針尾鴨（ A. acuta）、斑嘴鴨（ A. poecilorhyncha）與赤頸鴨（ A. penelope）等鳥類間形態相似性較高，黑翅長腳鷸（ Himantopus himantopus）、反嘴鷸（ Recurvirostra avosetta）、白琵鷺（ Platalea leucoro-dia）、蒼鷺（ Ardea cinerea）等鳥類與其它水鳥差異較大.運用競爭排斥原理分析瞭水鳥形態分化與物種共存和數量多寡的關繫.
위종형태학천술수조공존궤제，대파양호월동적상견수조（24충유금화36충섭금）적체질량、체장、취봉、부척장진행통계분석.결과현시，유금간체질량비치（1.22±0.06）화취봉비치（1.22±0.14）략고，체장비치（1.09±0.03）화부척장비치（1.07±0.02）략저.섭금간체질량비치（1.18±0.03）략고，체장비치（1.07±0.01）、취봉비치（1.09±0.01）화부척장비치（1.08±0.2）략저.유금화섭금적각형태특정비치균재1.1~1.2좌우，저설명파양호조류적공존주요의뢰물충적생태습성적분화유지적.친연물충형태특정교위상사.회학（ Grus grus）여백침학（ G. vipio）、소백액안（ Anser erythropus）여회안（ A. anser）、라문압（ Anas falcata）여침미압（ A. acuta）、반취압（ A. poecilorhyncha）여적경압（ A. penelope）등조류간형태상사성교고，흑시장각휼（ Himantopus himantopus）、반취휼（ Recurvirostra avosetta）、백비로（ Platalea leucoro-dia）、창로（ Ardea cinerea）등조류여기타수조차이교대.운용경쟁배척원리분석료수조형태분화여물충공존화수량다과적관계.
In order to explain the coexistence mechanism of common water birds at Poyang Lake from morphological perspective,the body weight,body length,culmen length and tarsus-metatarsus length of 24 waterfowls and 36 wa-ding birds were analyzed. The result indicated that,the ratio of body weight and culmen length of waterfowls were relatively high(1. 22 ± 0. 06 and 1. 22 ± 0. 14,respectively)while the ratio of body length and tarsus-metatarsus length were relatively low(1. 09 ± 0. 03 and 1. 07 ± 0. 02,respectively). For wading birds,the ratio of body weight was relatively high(1. 18 ± 0. 03)while the ratio of body length,culmen length and tarsus-metatarsus length were relatively low(1. 07 ± 0. 01,1. 09 ± 0. 01 and 1. 08 ± 0. 2,respectively). The morphological ratio of common water birds were approximate to 1 . 1~1 . 2 ,which showed that these birds mainly depend on the separation of ecological habits to live together. The closely related species really had analogously physical features,such as Common crane Grus grus and White-naped crane Grus vipio,Lesser white-fronted goose Anser erythropus and Greylag goose Anser anser,Falcated duck Anas falcata and Northern pintail Anas acuta,Spot-billed duck Anas poecilorhyncha and Eura-sian wigeon Anas penelope. But the similarity of Black-winged stilt Himantopus himantopus,Pied avocet Recurvirostra avosetta,Eurasian spoonbill Platalea leucorodia and Grey heron Ardea cinerea were relatively low compared to other birds. On the basis of competitive exclusion principle,the relationship among morphological differentiation,coexis-tence and their population size were analyzed.
