CAJ | 학술논문

为创新种质资源，将野燕麦草（普通野燕麦，Avena fatua L.，P1）作为父本与冀张莜4号（P2）进行种间远缘杂交，选育出第一代远杂品系9641-6(f1)；继续将f1作为父本与坝莜9号杂交（P3），选育出三个200242系列苗头品系（f21，f22，f23）。以NCBI数据库中搜索到的野燕麦EST序列设计引物，提取幼苗DNA，进行聚合酶链式反应（PCR）扩增，对PCR产物进行电泳试验并通过NTSYS2.10e计算相似性系数、建立聚类图。对远交杂种的真实性和远缘杂交技术的可行性进行鉴定，结果表明：（1）父系遗传特征明显：有3条引物（AF7、AF8、AF10）同时在f1和f2中检测到5条P1特征带；其中AF8在f2中检测出2条f1没有的P1特征带。由此可以肯定f1和f2是野燕麦后代，引物AF7、AF8、AF10可作为鉴定普通野燕麦后代的特异引物。（2）12对有效引物共扩增出177条带，其中135条为多态性带，占76.3%。相似性分析结果：P1和P2：0.4565，P1和P3：0.4347，P2和P3：0.6739，f1和P1：0.5000，f1和P2：0.6522，证明野燕麦P1与栽培燕麦P2、P3亲缘关系较远，f1是P1和P2远缘杂交的后代。f2与f1、P3均得出类似结论。（3）f21和f1、P1分别是0.8043、0.4782，f22和f1、P1分别是0.5435、0.6087，f23和f1、P1分别是0.7174、0.5217，说明后代基因重组与分离较广泛，引入野燕麦基因是一条多性状改良途径，远缘杂交技术获得成功。
위창신충질자원，장야연맥초（보통야연맥，Avena fatua L.，P1）작위부본여기장조4호（P2）진행충간원연잡교，선육출제일대원잡품계9641-6(f1)；계속장f1작위부본여패조9호잡교（P3），선육출삼개200242계렬묘두품계（f21，f22，f23）。이NCBI수거고중수색도적야연맥EST서렬설계인물，제취유묘DNA，진행취합매련식반응（PCR）확증，대PCR산물진행전영시험병통과NTSYS2.10e계산상사성계수、건립취류도。대원교잡충적진실성화원연잡교기술적가행성진행감정，결과표명：（1）부계유전특정명현：유3조인물（AF7、AF8、AF10）동시재f1화f2중검측도5조P1특정대；기중AF8재f2중검측출2조f1몰유적P1특정대。유차가이긍정f1화f2시야연맥후대，인물AF7、AF8、AF10가작위감정보통야연맥후대적특이인물。（2）12대유효인물공확증출177조대，기중135조위다태성대，점76.3%。상사성분석결과：P1화P2：0.4565，P1화P3：0.4347，P2화P3：0.6739，f1화P1：0.5000，f1화P2：0.6522，증명야연맥P1여재배연맥P2、P3친연관계교원，f1시P1화P2원연잡교적후대。f2여f1、P3균득출유사결론。（3）f21화f1、P1분별시0.8043、0.4782，f22화f1、P1분별시0.5435、0.6087，f23화f1、P1분별시0.7174、0.5217，설명후대기인중조여분리교엄범，인입야연맥기인시일조다성상개량도경，원연잡교기술획득성공。
To breed new germplasm resources, made intersoecific distant hybridyzation between wild oat (Avena fatua L., as male,P1) and naked oat (P2) ,then the f1 was used as male crossed by another naked oat variety(P3),3 f2(f21,f22,f23) were selected as emerging varieties.In order to obtain the evidence of hybrid, put the EST-PCR molecular markers in use. The main results show that : (1) Obvious paternal genetic characteristics: There are three primers (AF7, AF8, AF10) simultaneously detected five P1 features bands in f1 and f2 and AF8 detected two only in f2 but no in f1 which affirmed f1 and f2 are descendants of wild oats , primers AF7, AF8, AF10 can be used as specific primers to identify common wild oat offspring. (2) 12 effective primers amplified 177 bands , in which 135 were polymorphic , accounting for 76.3%. Similarity analysis:P1 and P2:0.4565, P1 and P3:0.4347, P2 and P3:0.6739, f1 and P1:0.5000, f1 and P2:0.6522, declared that wild oat and cultivated oats were distantly related , f1 was the distant hybridization offspring of P1&P2. The same as f2 and f1, P3. (3) f21 and f1, P1 were 0.8043, 0.4782;f22 and f1, P1 were 0.5435,0.6087,;f23 and f1, P1 were 0.7174,0.5217 : indicating that the offspring had wide genetic recombination and separation. The import of wild oat genes was multicharacter breeding approaches, distant hybridization technique proved successful.