CAJ | 학술논문

针对汶川地震Ⅹ度和Ⅺ度烈度区崩塌滑坡面积与累计频率统计关系呈现不同分布规律的现象，开展了地震峰值加速度从0.075~0.450 g 的6组振动台沙堆模型实验.实验重现了随振动强度增加，落沙量与累计频率从幂律分布-对数正态分布-正态分布依次转变的现象.数学分析表明，变异系数的减小，是这3种概型依次转变的原因.根据实验观察，随扰动递增沙堆表面颗粒行为呈现不同响应模式：微振动时颗粒活动性消失的概率与活动性分叉的概率在总体上平衡，当颗粒间近邻的相互作用导致连锁反应时才能发生大规模落沙事件，具有最大的不确定性.强振动时大部分颗粒就能独立启动，大规模落沙成为必然事件.据此提出，落沙规模由自组织控制的颗粒链式反应过程，向外力控制的颗粒独立下落过程的转化是导致变异系数减小的物理机制.根据以上认识，随地震烈度增加，汶川地震触发的崩塌滑坡规模与累计频率依次服从幂律分布-对数正态分布的现象，可能是具有普适性意义的规律.
침대문천지진Ⅹ도화Ⅺ도열도구붕탑활파면적여루계빈솔통계관계정현불동분포규률적현상，개전료지진봉치가속도종0.075~0.450 g 적6조진동태사퇴모형실험.실험중현료수진동강도증가，락사량여루계빈솔종멱률분포-대수정태분포-정태분포의차전변적현상.수학분석표명，변이계수적감소，시저3충개형의차전변적원인.근거실험관찰，수우동체증사퇴표면과립행위정현불동향응모식：미진동시과립활동성소실적개솔여활동성분차적개솔재총체상평형，당과립간근린적상호작용도치련쇄반응시재능발생대규모락사사건，구유최대적불학정성.강진동시대부분과립취능독립계동，대규모락사성위필연사건.거차제출，락사규모유자조직공제적과립련식반응과정，향외력공제적과립독립하락과정적전화시도치변이계수감소적물리궤제.근거이상인식，수지진열도증가，문천지진촉발적붕탑활파규모여루계빈솔의차복종멱률분포-대수정태분포적현상，가능시구유보괄성의의적규률.
According to the phenomenon of statistical relationships showing different distributions,be-tween the area and cumulative frequency of landslides in Ⅹ,Ⅺ seismic intensity of Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,6 sandpile model tests under seismic were conducted with the increase of seismic peak ground acceleration ranging from 0.075g to 0.450g.The phenomenon of statistical relationships was reproduced by the tests between the amount and cumulative frequency of sand changing from power-law distribution to lognormal distribution,then to normal distribution,with increase of seismic loading.By mathematical analysis,the decrease of the coefficient of variation is the cause of probability distribution shift between power-law,lognormal distribution and normal distribution.Observed through experiments,the perform-ance of grains on the surface of sandpile will show different models with the increase of seismic loading. Under weak vibration,the probability that the activity will die is overall balanced with the probability that the activity will branch.A large-scale collapse occurs when there is a chain interaction between neighbor-ing grains.It has the greatest uncertainty.Under strong vibration,most grains start independently.A large-scale collapse becomes a certain event.Therefore,the scale of collapse is transformed from the chain reaction of unstable grains triggered by self-organized effect to the independent falling of unstable grains triggered by vibrating force effect,which is the physical mechanism of the reducing of Cv .According to the above realization,the phenomenon of the relation between area and cumulative frequency changing from power-law distribution to lognormal distribution with the increase of seismic intensity of Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake may be universal.