测绘学报
測繪學報
측회학보
ACTA GEODAETICA ET CARTOGRAPHICA SINICA
2015年
5期
563-569
,共7页
李霖%于忠海%朱海红%蒯希
李霖%于忠海%硃海紅%蒯希
리림%우충해%주해홍%괴희
图式表达%地理数据库%快速制图%图面冲突
圖式錶達%地理數據庫%快速製圖%圖麵遲突
도식표체%지리수거고%쾌속제도%도면충돌
cartographic portrayal%geo-database%fast map-making%graphic confl ict
按照目前的专业制图规范对地图表达的质量要求,计算机制图原理和技术无法避免制图过程中需要大量人工处理地图要素图形冲突的工作。这种由于数据模型间(数字地理景观模型与数字制图模型间)的差别而产生的技术难题一直是实现快速制图的瓶颈。本文基于“先处理、后符号化”的策略,通过分析引起图形冲突的形式以及地图制图规范对冲突处理的要求,提出了针对图形重叠和图形衔接两类图形冲突处理的基本操作,即将对地图要素(地理要素符号化)的图形处理转变为对地理要素本身的处理,从而减少了后期图形冲突处理的工作量;基于这些基本操作,以地形图制图中产生大量冲突处理的道路、水系和境界要素类型为例,说明如何综合利用这些基本操作,实现对图面冲突自动处理的方法;最后,两幅实际地形图数据试验表明本操作可以提高制图效率。
按照目前的專業製圖規範對地圖錶達的質量要求,計算機製圖原理和技術無法避免製圖過程中需要大量人工處理地圖要素圖形遲突的工作。這種由于數據模型間(數字地理景觀模型與數字製圖模型間)的差彆而產生的技術難題一直是實現快速製圖的瓶頸。本文基于“先處理、後符號化”的策略,通過分析引起圖形遲突的形式以及地圖製圖規範對遲突處理的要求,提齣瞭針對圖形重疊和圖形銜接兩類圖形遲突處理的基本操作,即將對地圖要素(地理要素符號化)的圖形處理轉變為對地理要素本身的處理,從而減少瞭後期圖形遲突處理的工作量;基于這些基本操作,以地形圖製圖中產生大量遲突處理的道路、水繫和境界要素類型為例,說明如何綜閤利用這些基本操作,實現對圖麵遲突自動處理的方法;最後,兩幅實際地形圖數據試驗錶明本操作可以提高製圖效率。
안조목전적전업제도규범대지도표체적질량요구,계산궤제도원리화기술무법피면제도과정중수요대량인공처리지도요소도형충돌적공작。저충유우수거모형간(수자지리경관모형여수자제도모형간)적차별이산생적기술난제일직시실현쾌속제도적병경。본문기우“선처리、후부호화”적책략,통과분석인기도형충돌적형식이급지도제도규범대충돌처리적요구,제출료침대도형중첩화도형함접량류도형충돌처리적기본조작,즉장대지도요소(지리요소부호화)적도형처리전변위대지리요소본신적처리,종이감소료후기도형충돌처리적공작량;기우저사기본조작,이지형도제도중산생대량충돌처리적도로、수계화경계요소류형위례,설명여하종합이용저사기본조작,실현대도면충돌자동처리적방법;최후,량폭실제지형도수거시험표명본조작가이제고제도효솔。
According to the requi rements of map qual ity by cartographic specifications,the current computer cartographic methodology and technology could not inevitably avoid manual ly intervening in resolving a large amount of graphic confl icts after symbol ization.It results from the differences between Digital Landscape Models and Digital Cartographic Models and has been a bottleneck for fast map-making. Through an investigation into the appearance of cartographic confl icts and cartographic specifications,this article presents a set of basic operations to implement the cartographic strategy “processing before symbol izing”for handl ing graphic confl icts specifical ly on two forms of confl icts:graphic overlap and graphic connection.That strategy translates handl ing graphic confl icts caused by symbol ization of geographic features into processing the features-selves so that a lot of thereby confl icts are removed. Appl ications of those basic operations in resolving cartographic confl icts are outl ined by exempl ifying some typical confl icts caused by the main topographic features:Road,River system and Boundary.Two experiments on producing topographic maps verify the appl icabi l ity of the presented operations as wel l as the paradigm in this study in improving efficiency of map-making.