CAJ | 학술논문

提本文结合探空、地面、再分析资料和强对流重要天气报文资料，分析江淮地区（30°～36°N、115°～122°E）弓状回波发生的主要环境条件和灾害性雷暴大风特征，重点利用我国2009—2012年新一代多普勒天气雷达资料，分析弓状回波时空分布和三维结构及其成灾机制。统计结果表明：弓状回波常发生在傍晚（17—20时），分布在安徽西北部到江苏东南部、山东东南部到江苏的西南部，以及安徽南部的两山地间的平原地区。其产生的极端大风（≥10级）占该地区极端大风的30％。产生弓状回波的天气背景主要是东北冷涡和高空槽，中等的对流不稳定度[平均对流有效位能（CAPE）为1780 J·kg－1]和垂直风切变（平均1000～700 hPa风切变为11．6 m·s－1），中层存在明显的干层。东北冷涡环境下的弓状回波系统具有较大的下沉对流有效位能（DCAPE）和地面的强冷池。根据雷达观测的结构，江淮地区弓状回波可分为三类：典型弓状回波（BE）类型、弓状回波复合体（BEC）类型和飑线型弓状回波（SLBE）类型，所占比例分别为28．6％、14．3％和57．1％。
제본문결합탐공、지면、재분석자료화강대류중요천기보문자료，분석강회지구（30°～36°N、115°～122°E）궁상회파발생적주요배경조건화재해성뇌폭대풍특정，중점이용아국2009—2012년신일대다보륵천기뢰체자료，분석궁상회파시공분포화삼유결구급기성재궤제。통계결과표명：궁상회파상발생재방만（17—20시），분포재안휘서북부도강소동남부、산동동남부도강소적서남부，이급안휘남부적량산지간적평원지구。기산생적겁단대풍（≥10급）점해지구겁단대풍적30％。산생궁상회파적천기배경주요시동북랭와화고공조，중등적대류불은정도[평균대류유효위능（CAPE）위1780 J·kg－1]화수직풍절변（평균1000～700 hPa풍절변위11．6 m·s－1），중층존재명현적간층。동북랭와배경하적궁상회파계통구유교대적하침대류유효위능（DCAPE）화지면적강랭지。근거뢰체관측적결구，강회지구궁상회파가분위삼류：전형궁상회파（BE）류형、궁상회파복합체（BEC）류형화박선형궁상회파（SLBE）류형，소점비례분별위28．6％、14．3％화57．1％。
This study examines the environmental conditions of bow echoes and the related damaging thun-derstorm characteristics in Jianghuai Region (30°-36°N,115°-122°E)by using the sounding data,sur-face observations,reanalysis data as well as the severe weather reports in 2009-2012.The Doppler weather radar data are also used to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of bow echoes,as well as their three-dimensional structures and possible mechanisms in causing damaging gales.Statistical results show that bow echoes in Jianghuai Region preferentially occur in northwestern Anhui,southeastern Jiang-su,southeastern Shandong to southwestern Jiangsu,and the plain between two mountains in southern An-hui with the frequency maximum in the late afternoon.The extreme damaging gales (>24.5 m·s-1 )in-duced by bow echoes account for 30% of all the extreme damaging wind events.The typical synoptic sys-tems associated with the bow echo are the northeast cold vortex (NECV)and upper-level trough,the mod-erate convective available potential energy (CAPE,1780 J·kg-1 )and vertical wind shear (11.6 m·s-1 between 1000 and 700 hPa),as well as a remarkable dry layer in the middle level.Compared with the envi-ronmental conditions affected by the upper-level trough systems,NECV is usually accompanied with a lar-ger DCAPE and stronger cold pool on the surface.According to the structure of radar observations,bow echoes in Jianghuai Region are divided into three categories,including classic bow echo (BE),bow echo complex (BEC),and squall line bow echo (SLBE),which account for 28.6%,14.3%,and 57.1%, respectively.