CAJ | 학술논문

提垂直指向微降雨雷达（MRR）能够测量从近地面至高空的雷达反射率因子和雨滴谱分布特征，对认识降水微物理结构，改进雷达定量降水估计精度有重要作用。为评估 MRR探测的雨滴谱分布、降水和雷达回波精度，利用南京地区夏季观测的两次降水过程，将 MRR与业务S波段天气雷达、二维视频雨滴谱仪、常规雨量筒观测进行层状云降水和对流性降水下的定量对比分析。结果表明，MRR垂直探测的雷达反射率因子与S波段雷达观测在中低层（＜4 km）平均差异＜1 dB，但高层（＞4 km）出现显著低估，且该现象随降水强度增强更明显，这主要是雷达回波衰减导致。MRR在回波强度＜35 dBz 时对降水率的探测精度较高，但在＞35 dBz时低估降水。其中，层状云降水的降水率比对流性降水更接近雨量筒观测。常规雨量筒对0．1 mm以下的降水无探测能力，而 MRR探测敏感度较高，对于微弱降水率的估计效果也很好。由于 MRR最大探测范围的限制，相对于2 DVD而言，MRR探测的最大粒子直径低估、最小粒子浓度高估，但在中间段的探测效果和2 DVD雨滴谱观测一致性较高。总体而言，MRR是一个有效的降水探测仪器，其探测结果在层状云降水过程中优于对流性降水过程。
제수직지향미강우뢰체（MRR）능구측량종근지면지고공적뢰체반사솔인자화우적보분포특정，대인식강수미물리결구，개진뢰체정량강수고계정도유중요작용。위평고 MRR탐측적우적보분포、강수화뢰체회파정도，이용남경지구하계관측적량차강수과정，장 MRR여업무S파단천기뢰체、이유시빈우적보의、상규우량통관측진행층상운강수화대류성강수하적정량대비분석。결과표명，MRR수직탐측적뢰체반사솔인자여S파단뢰체관측재중저층（＜4 km）평균차이＜1 dB，단고층（＞4 km）출현현저저고，차해현상수강수강도증강경명현，저주요시뢰체회파쇠감도치。MRR재회파강도＜35 dBz 시대강수솔적탐측정도교고，단재＞35 dBz시저고강수。기중，층상운강수적강수솔비대류성강수경접근우량통관측。상규우량통대0．1 mm이하적강수무탐측능력，이 MRR탐측민감도교고，대우미약강수솔적고계효과야흔호。유우 MRR최대탐측범위적한제，상대우2 DVD이언，MRR탐측적최대입자직경저고、최소입자농도고고，단재중간단적탐측효과화2 DVD우적보관측일치성교고。총체이언，MRR시일개유효적강수탐측의기，기탐측결과재층상운강수과정중우우대류성강수과정。
MRR is a vertically pointing Micro Rain Radar which can measure vertical profiles of radar re-flectivity and drop size distribution (DSD).It plays an important role in understanding precipitation micro-physical structure and improving quantitative precipitation estimation.In this study,the observations from an S-band Doppler radar,a 2D-Video-Disdrometer and a rain gauge during two summer precipitation events in Nanjing are used to assess the performance of MRR.The intercomparison analyses of these four instru-ments in stratiform and convective precipitation are also performed.The results show that,the vertical profile of reflectivity measured by MRR and S-band radar has a good agreement below 4 km with the mean difference less than 1 dB.Above 4 km,however,MRR tends to underestimate the reflectivity due to the precipitation attenuation.The difference of reflectivity between MRR and S-band radar increases with the height.Furthermore,MRR can accurately estimate the rain rate with the reflectivity below 35 dBz,but underestimate the rain rate with the reflectivity above 35 dBz.The rainfall estimation for stratiform clouds is more accurate than that for convective clouds.Especially,MRR exhibits good performance for the weak rainfall below 0.1 mm·h-1 ,which cannot be measured by rain gauge.Due to the inherent limitation of MRR and the precipitation attenuation,MRR shows high consistency with 2DVD for raindrops with size from 1 mm to 5 mm,but underestimates the concentration of drops larger than 5 mm and overestimates the concentration of drops smaller than 1 mm.Overall,MRR is an effective instrument for the precipitation measurements,especially suitable for quantitative estimation of stratiform.