中国土地科学
中國土地科學
중국토지과학
HINA LAND SCIENCE
2015年
5期
8-15
,共8页
土地管理%粮食生产%规模经营%适度规模%文献评述%边际分析
土地管理%糧食生產%規模經營%適度規模%文獻評述%邊際分析
토지관리%양식생산%규모경영%괄도규모%문헌평술%변제분석
land management%grain production%scale management of farmland%proper scale management%literature comment%marginal analysis
研究目的：探索粮食适度经营规模的确定思路与推进适度规模经营的政策重点。研究方法：文献资料法，定性分析法，边际分析法。研究结果：（1）粮食单产、农民收入、机会成本以及可流转耕地资源、投资与经营能力等约束条件是确定粮食适度规模最为常见的评价标准与测算视角；（2）边际成本等于边际收益是经营主体确定适度经营规模的基本依据，从收入而非单产视角设计适度规模经营的控制标准更具可行性；（3）政府近期可将粮食单产列为适度经营规模的引导标准并据此设置补偿方法，远期来看有助于降低经营主体边际成本的基础设施建设、农业生产社会化服务等领域才是政府适度规模经营工作的重点所在。研究结论：适度规模经营的核心是通过各类生产要素的优化配置达到最优产出，其中经营主体的最优目标为实现利润最大化，政府出于粮食安全考虑更倾向于产量最大化，两者差异构成粮食适度规模经营工作的逻辑起点与调控重点。
研究目的：探索糧食適度經營規模的確定思路與推進適度規模經營的政策重點。研究方法：文獻資料法，定性分析法，邊際分析法。研究結果：（1）糧食單產、農民收入、機會成本以及可流轉耕地資源、投資與經營能力等約束條件是確定糧食適度規模最為常見的評價標準與測算視角；（2）邊際成本等于邊際收益是經營主體確定適度經營規模的基本依據，從收入而非單產視角設計適度規模經營的控製標準更具可行性；（3）政府近期可將糧食單產列為適度經營規模的引導標準併據此設置補償方法，遠期來看有助于降低經營主體邊際成本的基礎設施建設、農業生產社會化服務等領域纔是政府適度規模經營工作的重點所在。研究結論：適度規模經營的覈心是通過各類生產要素的優化配置達到最優產齣，其中經營主體的最優目標為實現利潤最大化，政府齣于糧食安全攷慮更傾嚮于產量最大化，兩者差異構成糧食適度規模經營工作的邏輯起點與調控重點。
연구목적：탐색양식괄도경영규모적학정사로여추진괄도규모경영적정책중점。연구방법：문헌자료법，정성분석법，변제분석법。연구결과：（1）양식단산、농민수입、궤회성본이급가류전경지자원、투자여경영능력등약속조건시학정양식괄도규모최위상견적평개표준여측산시각；（2）변제성본등우변제수익시경영주체학정괄도경영규모적기본의거，종수입이비단산시각설계괄도규모경영적공제표준경구가행성；（3）정부근기가장양식단산렬위괄도경영규모적인도표준병거차설치보상방법，원기래간유조우강저경영주체변제성본적기출설시건설、농업생산사회화복무등영역재시정부괄도규모경영공작적중점소재。연구결론：괄도규모경영적핵심시통과각류생산요소적우화배치체도최우산출，기중경영주체적최우목표위실현리윤최대화，정부출우양식안전고필경경향우산량최대화，량자차이구성양식괄도규모경영공작적라집기점여조공중점。
The purpose of this paper is to explore how to determine the optimum land management scale and promote policy recommendations for achieving the proper scale. Methods employed are documentary data analysis, qualitative analysis, and marginal analysis. The results indicate that factors such as grain yield, farmers’income(opportunity cost), available farmland resource, and investment and management capacity, are the main evaluation criteria in calculating the optimum land management scale. Since the equilibrium condition of personal land management is marginal cost equals to marginal revenue, which is irrelevant to both grain yields and opportunity cost, it thus will be more feasible to take farmers’ income as an evaluation criteria rather than grain yield. Recently, government can utilize guidance, specifically, grain yield and its corresponding compensation tools to achieve the proper scale of farmland management. In long run, fields that may reduce the marginal cost of farmland management, including infrastructure construction and agricultural socialized service, are the prior attentions that the government should pay. It is concluded that the core role of scale management is to achieve the optimal output by optimizing the allocation of production factors, income maximization for producers and production maximization for government, the inconsistence of which turns to be the logical starting point and the focus of government regulation.
