CAJ | 학술논문

降雨诱发的浅层黄土泥流规模小、流速快、冲击力强、发育范围广、难以防御、致灾频率高，近两年造成了大量人员伤亡，急需开展其形成机制与强度的研究。黄土物质组成与水敏性、坡体形态对降雨入渗—积水的响应、黄土斜坡对降水入渗的力学响应机制、富水黄土粘滞性流动特性是制约浅层黄土泥流形成的四种主要因素，分析这四种因素的对浅层黄土泥流形成的制约作用需解决斜坡降雨入渗的水文过程、非饱和土的力学效应及水土耦合的机制等前沿问题。本文对影响泥流形成的各因素研究的最新进展进行了综述，同时讨论了研究中的核心问题，并提出了相应的对策与方案，认为可从三方面开展研究：（1）定量描述泥流体积扩容特征，建立浅层黄土泥流启动与流动模式；（2）分析泥流与原状黄土物质成分、组成结构差异，开展黄土非饱和增湿力学变形试验，监测0°～60°单面坡与坡肩平缓斜坡的降雨入渗过程，研究坡体形态对雨水汇聚、入渗及基质吸力变化的控制特征，揭示泥流流体运动过程中水土响应机制；（3）对浅层黄土泥流物理力学模型进行解析，讨论泥流流动能量转化特征，建立降雨诱发泥流灾害的强度计算模型，为降雨泥流灾害危险性定量计算提供理论支撑。
강우유발적천층황토니류규모소、류속쾌、충격력강、발육범위엄、난이방어、치재빈솔고，근량년조성료대량인원상망，급수개전기형성궤제여강도적연구。황토물질조성여수민성、파체형태대강우입삼—적수적향응、황토사파대강수입삼적역학향응궤제、부수황토점체성류동특성시제약천층황토니류형성적사충주요인소，분석저사충인소적대천층황토니류형성적제약작용수해결사파강우입삼적수문과정、비포화토적역학효응급수토우합적궤제등전연문제。본문대영향니류형성적각인소연구적최신진전진행료종술，동시토론료연구중적핵심문제，병제출료상응적대책여방안，인위가종삼방면개전연구：（1）정량묘술니류체적확용특정，건립천층황토니류계동여류동모식；（2）분석니류여원상황토물질성분、조성결구차이，개전황토비포화증습역학변형시험，감측0°～60°단면파여파견평완사파적강우입삼과정，연구파체형태대우수회취、입삼급기질흡력변화적공제특정，게시니류류체운동과정중수토향응궤제；（3）대천층황토니류물리역학모형진행해석，토론니류류동능량전화특정，건립강우유발니류재해적강도계산모형，위강우니류재해위험성정량계산제공이론지탱。
The shallow loess mudflow induced by rainfall has been identified with extensive development and high frequency occurrence as a disaster,though it is small dimension.Merely in the flood season,several deaths have been caused,which urges the development of research on its failure mechanism and intensity.Mudflow was effected by several factors including water-sensitive and material composition of loess,influence of slope angle on final infiltration rate,mechanical aspects of flow-like movements in loess slope and viscous flow characteristics of water-rich loess,which will determine movement types such as fast,strong impact,hard defensive characteristics. To make clearly relationships between these factors,it need to solved problems as hydrological processes of rainfall infiltration in slope,mechanical effect of unsaturated soil .This paper reviews the latest research progress of various formation factors of mudslides mechanism,and discussed the core issues,then proposed the corresponding countermeasure.There are maybe three important aspects.Firstly,it need to quantitative description of the volume expansion features of mudflow,and finally establish the initiation and flow modes of shallow loess mudflow. Secondly,we could monitor the rainfall infiltration process in the single-side slopes with a slope angle of 0°~60° and slopes gentle on slope shoulder,with an aim to study the controlling features of the slope forms on rainwater convergence,infiltration and matric suction variation,and reveal the water and soil responding mechanism during the mudflow fluid motion process.Thirdly,it will be done in analyzing the physical mechanics model,and discuss the flow energy transformation features of mudflow,aiming to establish the strength calculation model of rainfall induced mudflow disaster,and provide theoretical supports for the quantitative calculation of rainfall induced disaster.and provide new thought for the monitoring and early warning of mudflow disaster in Loess Plateau.