CAJ | 학술논문

本试验旨在研究持续不同温度(21、26和31℃)处理对肉鸡生长性能、生理指标、采食量和饮水量及相关血清激素含量的影响,探讨水料比( W/F)能否作为肉鸡热舒适评价的指标。试验选取144只22日龄爱拔益加( AA)肉鸡转入环境控制舱,随机分成3组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只鸡(公母各4只)。适应期7 d,温度21℃,相对湿度60%。29日龄时,试验温度分别调整到21、26和31℃,相对湿度60%。试验期14 d。结果表明：1)随着环境温度升高,肉鸡平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)极显著降低(P<0.01),料重比(F/G)极显著升高(P<0.01),其中21和26℃组肉鸡F/G无显著差异(P>0.05)；肉鸡平均日饮水量(ADWC)无显著差异(P>0.05),但随着环境温度升高全期W/F、水重比(W/G)极显著升高(P<0.01)。2)随着环境温度升高,肉鸡体核温度、呼吸频率极显著升高( P<0.01)；相比21℃,31℃组肉鸡血清瘦素(LEP)含量显著升高(P<0.05),抗利尿激素(ADH)含量显著降低(P<0.05)；26℃组与21、31℃组肉鸡血清LEP、ADH含量无显著差异( P>0.05)；各组肉鸡血清胆囊收缩素( CCK)、醛固酮( ALD)含量无显著差异( P>0.05)。3)试验第1天、前3 d、前7 d及全期14 d肉鸡W/F与肉鸡ADG、ADFI呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)；第1天、前3 d肉鸡W/F与肉鸡F/G呈极显著正相关( P<0.01),前7 d、全期14 d肉鸡W/F与肉鸡F/G呈显著正相关( P<0.05)。4)肉鸡每日W/F与环境温度、肉鸡体核温度、呼吸频率呈极显著相关( P<0.01)。综上,本试验条件下,肉鸡W/F反映出不同温度下肉鸡的冷热程度,可作为偏热环境下肉鸡热舒适评价的指标。
본시험지재연구지속불동온도(21、26화31℃)처리대육계생장성능、생리지표、채식량화음수량급상관혈청격소함량적영향,탐토수료비( W/F)능부작위육계열서괄평개적지표。시험선취144지22일령애발익가( AA)육계전입배경공제창,수궤분성3조,매조6개중복,매개중복8지계(공모각4지)。괄응기7 d,온도21℃,상대습도60%。29일령시,시험온도분별조정도21、26화31℃,상대습도60%。시험기14 d。결과표명：1)수착배경온도승고,육계평균일증중(ADG)、평균일채식량(ADFI)겁현저강저(P<0.01),료중비(F/G)겁현저승고(P<0.01),기중21화26℃조육계F/G무현저차이(P>0.05)；육계평균일음수량(ADWC)무현저차이(P>0.05),단수착배경온도승고전기W/F、수중비(W/G)겁현저승고(P<0.01)。2)수착배경온도승고,육계체핵온도、호흡빈솔겁현저승고( P<0.01)；상비21℃,31℃조육계혈청수소(LEP)함량현저승고(P<0.05),항이뇨격소(ADH)함량현저강저(P<0.05)；26℃조여21、31℃조육계혈청LEP、ADH함량무현저차이( P>0.05)；각조육계혈청담낭수축소( CCK)、철고동( ALD)함량무현저차이( P>0.05)。3)시험제1천、전3 d、전7 d급전기14 d육계W/F여육계ADG、ADFI정겁현저부상관(P<0.01)；제1천、전3 d육계W/F여육계F/G정겁현저정상관( P<0.01),전7 d、전기14 d육계W/F여육계F/G정현저정상관( P<0.05)。4)육계매일W/F여배경온도、육계체핵온도、호흡빈솔정겁현저상관( P<0.01)。종상,본시험조건하,육계W/F반영출불동온도하육계적랭열정도,가작위편열배경하육계열서괄평개적지표。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of three different constant temperatures (21, 26 and 31 ℃) on the growth performance, physiological reactions, feed intake, water consumption and serum hormonal indices of broilers, in order to investigate the water/food ( W/F) as a new thermal comfort evalua-tion index for broilers. One hundred and forty four 22-day-old Arbor Acres ( AA) broilers were assigned to en-vironment chambers, the broilers were randomly assigned to 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 8 broilers per replicate ( with four males and four females) . The pre-test period lasted for 7 days and broilers were kept at 21 ℃ and 60% relative humidity. When broilers were 29-day-old, the temperatures of each environmental chamber were gradually regulated to 21, 26 and 31℃, respectively, while maintaining the relative humidity at 60% and both kept constant until the end of the experiment. The trial period lasted for 14 days. The results showed as follows:1) with temperature increasing, the three groups showed significant depression in average daily gain ( ADG ) , average daily feed intake ( ADFI ) , and significant increase in feed/gain ( F/G ) ( P<0.01) , but no significant difference in F/G was found between 21 and 26 ℃ groups ( P>0.05) . The average daily water consumption ( ADWC ) was not significantly affected by different constant ambient temperatures ( P>0.05) , but with significant difference in total W/F and water/gain ( W/G) with temperature increasing ( P<0.01) . 2) With temperature increasing, the three groups showed significant increase in rectal temperatures and respiratory frequency ( P<0.01);serum leptin ( LEP) content in 31 ℃ group was significantly higher and antidiuretic hormone ( ADH) content was significantly lower than that in 21 ℃ group ( P<0.05) , and no sig-nificant difference of serum LEP and ADH contents in 26 ℃ group than that in 21 and 31 ℃ groups ( P>0.05); with no significant difference in serum cholecystokinin ( CCK) and aidosterone ( ALD) contents in all groups ( P>0.05) . 3) The W/F of the first day, the first three days, the first week and the total period had significant negative correlations with the ADG and ADFI of broilers through 14 days ( P<0.01); the W/F of the first day and the first three days had significant positive correlations with the F/G of broilers (P<0.01), with the W/F of the first week and the total period had significant positive correlation with the F/G of broilers ( P<0.05) . 4) The W/F of average day had significant correlations with the ambient temperatures, rectal tem-peratures and respiratory frequency at the same days ( P<0.01) . In conclusion, under the feeding conditions of this study, the results indicate that the W/F can accurately reflect the thermal comfort station of broiler at dif-ferent temperatures, and it is a new thermal comfort evaluation index for broilers.