CAJ | 학술논문

本试验旨在比较低鱼粉饲料中补充晶体蛋氨酸和羟基蛋氨酸钙在凡纳滨对虾上的饲喂效果。试验选用初始体重为(0.40±0.00) g的凡纳滨对虾630尾，随机分为7组，每组3个重复，每个重复放养30尾对虾，进行为期8周的饲养试验。试验共配制7种试验饲料，对照组为30%的高鱼粉饲料，试验组饲料为用豆粕、花生粕和鸡肉粉混合蛋白质源分别替代对照饲料中16.67%、33.33%和50.00%鱼粉，并补充羟基蛋氨酸钙或晶体蛋氨酸，使其蛋氨酸含量与对照组一致。结果表明：各组对虾的成活率无显著差异( P>0.05)；同一鱼粉替代水平下，羟基蛋氨酸钙组的增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率、蛋白质效率和蛋白质沉积率显著高于晶体蛋氨酸组(P<0.05)。复合蛋白质源替代16.67%鱼粉并补充羟基蛋氨酸钙组的增重率和特定生长率同对照组无显著差异( P>0.05)。各组对虾的全虾粗蛋白质、干物质含量与肌肉粗脂肪、粗灰分含量无显著差异( P>0.05)；对照组的全虾粗脂肪含量显著高于各试验组( P<0.05)；全虾粗灰分含量以对照组最高，但与复合蛋白质源替代16.67%、33.33%鱼粉并补充羟基蛋氨酸钙组差异不显著( P>0.05)。随着鱼粉替代水平的升高，羟基蛋氨酸钙组的血清总蛋白和甘油三酯含量均呈上升趋势，而晶体蛋氨酸组则呈下降趋势；同时，羟基蛋氨酸钙组与晶体蛋氨酸组的血清总胆固醇含量和碱性磷酸酶活性均有先上升后降低的趋势；血清白蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白及葡萄糖含量在各组间无显著差异( P>0.05)。由此可见，与补充晶体蛋氨酸相比，低鱼粉饲料中补充羟基蛋氨酸钙能更有效地改善凡纳滨对虾的生长性能和饲料利用效率，但效果仍不及对照饲料。
본시험지재비교저어분사료중보충정체단안산화간기단안산개재범납빈대하상적사위효과。시험선용초시체중위(0.40±0.00) g적범납빈대하630미，수궤분위7조，매조3개중복，매개중복방양30미대하，진행위기8주적사양시험。시험공배제7충시험사료，대조조위30%적고어분사료，시험조사료위용두박、화생박화계육분혼합단백질원분별체대대조사료중16.67%、33.33%화50.00%어분，병보충간기단안산개혹정체단안산，사기단안산함량여대조조일치。결과표명：각조대하적성활솔무현저차이( P>0.05)；동일어분체대수평하，간기단안산개조적증중솔、특정생장솔、사료효솔、단백질효솔화단백질침적솔현저고우정체단안산조(P<0.05)。복합단백질원체대16.67%어분병보충간기단안산개조적증중솔화특정생장솔동대조조무현저차이( P>0.05)。각조대하적전하조단백질、간물질함량여기육조지방、조회분함량무현저차이( P>0.05)；대조조적전하조지방함량현저고우각시험조( P<0.05)；전하조회분함량이대조조최고，단여복합단백질원체대16.67%、33.33%어분병보충간기단안산개조차이불현저( P>0.05)。수착어분체대수평적승고，간기단안산개조적혈청총단백화감유삼지함량균정상승추세，이정체단안산조칙정하강추세；동시，간기단안산개조여정체단안산조적혈청총담고순함량화감성린산매활성균유선상승후강저적추세；혈청백단백、고밀도지단백、저밀도지단백급포도당함량재각조간무현저차이( P>0.05)。유차가견，여보충정체단안산상비，저어분사료중보충간기단안산개능경유효지개선범납빈대하적생장성능화사료이용효솔，단효과잉불급대조사료。
An 8-weeks feeding trial was conducted to compare the feeding effects of crystalline methionine ( C-Met) and methionine hydroxy analogue calcium ( MHA-Ca) supplemented in low fish meal diets for Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei) . A total of 630 juvenile Pacific white shrimp with an initial body weight of (0.40±0.00) g were randomly divided into 7 groups with 3 replicates per group and 30 shrimp for each rep-licate. Seven iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipid diets were formulated as experimental diets. Diet which was supple-mented with 30% fish meal was used as control diet. The diets of experimental groups used soybean meal, pea-nut meal and poultry meal complex protein source to replace 16.67%, 33.33% and 50.00% fish meal on the basis of control diet, respectively, and MHA-Ca or C-Met were supplemented to the experimental diets in order to match the methionine content of the control diet. The results showed as follows: the survival rate ( SR) of shrimp was not significantly different among all groups (P<0.05). With the same replacement level of fish meal, shrimp fed the diets supplemented with MHA-Ca had significantly higher weight gain rate ( WGR) , spe-cific growth rate ( SGR ) , feed efficiency ( FE ) , protein efficiency ratio ( PER ) and protein retention rate ( PRR) than those fed the diets supplemented with C-Met ( P<0.05) , and shrimp fed the diets used complex protein source to replace 16.67% fish meal and supplemented with MHA-Ca had no significant differences in WGR and SGR compared with shrimp fed the control diet ( P>0.05) . No significant differences were observed in the contents of crude protein and dry matter in whole body and the contents of ether extract and ash in muscle (P>0.05). The ether extract content in whole body was significantly higher than that in each experimental group (P<0.05). The ash content in whole body in control group was the highest, but had no significant differences compared with shrimp fed the diets used complex protein source to replace 16.67% or 33.33% fish meal and supplemented with MHA-Ca (P>0.05). With replacement level of fish meal increasing, the serum total protein ( TP) and triglyceride ( TG) contents in MHA-Ca groups showed an increase trend, while those in C-Met groups showed a decrease trend; meanwhile, the serum total cholesterol ( TC ) content and alkaline phosphatase ( AKP) activity in MHA-Ca and C-Met groups were all firstly increased and then decreased;how-ever, no significant differences were observed in the contents of serum albumin ( ALB) , high density lipopro-tein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and glucose (GLU) (P>0.05). Thus, the results indicate that the growth performance and feed utilization of shrimp fed low fish meal diets supplemented with MHA-Ca are more efficacious than supplemented with C-Met, but all are lower than control diet.