不同营养调控方式对牦牛僵牛体尺和胃肠道发育的影响
불동영양조공방식대모우강우체척화위장도발육적영향
Effects of Different Nutritional Regulations on Body Measurements and Gastrointestinal Tract Development of Yaks with Growth Retardation
  • 万方数据
    动物营养学报 동물영양학보
    ACTA ZOONUTRIMENTA SINICA
    2015年 6期 1690-1697 ,共8页

    王以鑫%胡瑞%王鸿泽%尉小强%景小平%薛白%曹兵海%王之盛%保善科%赵索南%孔祥颖%张文华%牛全喜

    왕이흠%호서%왕홍택%위소강%경소평%설백%조병해%왕지성%보선과%조색남%공상영%장문화%우전희

    牦牛僵牛%营养调控%舔砖%半胱胺%体尺%胃肠道 牦牛僵牛%營養調控%舔磚%半胱胺%體呎%胃腸道
    모우강우%영양조공%첨전%반광알%체척%위장도
    yak with growth retardation%nutritional regulation%lick block%cysteamine%body measurement%gastrointestinal tract
    为了研究不同营养调控方式对牦牛僵牛体尺和胃肠道发育的影响。选择1周岁、平均体重(54.24±9.24) kg(较同龄同品种牦牛群体平均体重低1.5倍标准差)的青海高原型牦牛僵牛20头,按体重随机分为4组,分别设为屠宰对照组、精料组(补饲精料)、舔砖组(补饲精料+舔砖)、半胱胺组(补饲精料+半胱胺),另选取5头1周岁、平均体重(75.34±2.43) kg的同品种正常牦牛为正常对照组(补饲精料)。预饲14 d后对屠宰对照组牦牛屠宰取样,正式试验84 d后对其余各组屠宰取样。结果表明：1)各组牦牛的精料、粗料和干物质的采食量及营养物质摄入量差异均不显著( P>0.05)。2)与屠宰对照组相比,84 d的饲养均促进牦牛体尺增加。舔砖组、半胱胺组体高与正常牦牛组无显著差异( P>0.05)；试验组牦牛僵牛的体斜长、胸深与正常对照组无显著差异( P>0.05),其中,半胱胺组高于正常对照组。3)营养调控能促进牦牛僵牛各胃室发育。试验组网胃和皱胃重量与正常对照组差异不显著( P>0.05)。半胱胺组瘤胃重量最高,占复胃总重比例最高,并与正常对照组无显著差异( P>0.05)。4)营养调控促进了牦牛僵牛肠道各段的发育,其中舔砖组和半胱胺组同正常对照组差异均不显著( P>0.05)。结果提示,补饲精料促进了牦牛僵牛生长及胃肠道发育,此基础上补饲舔砖和半胱胺使牦牛僵牛上述指标接近或超过正常牦牛。
    위료연구불동영양조공방식대모우강우체척화위장도발육적영향。선택1주세、평균체중(54.24±9.24) kg(교동령동품충모우군체평균체중저1.5배표준차)적청해고원형모우강우20두,안체중수궤분위4조,분별설위도재대조조、정료조(보사정료)、첨전조(보사정료+첨전)、반광알조(보사정료+반광알),령선취5두1주세、평균체중(75.34±2.43) kg적동품충정상모우위정상대조조(보사정료)。예사14 d후대도재대조조모우도재취양,정식시험84 d후대기여각조도재취양。결과표명：1)각조모우적정료、조료화간물질적채식량급영양물질섭입량차이균불현저( P>0.05)。2)여도재대조조상비,84 d적사양균촉진모우체척증가。첨전조、반광알조체고여정상모우조무현저차이( P>0.05)；시험조모우강우적체사장、흉심여정상대조조무현저차이( P>0.05),기중,반광알조고우정상대조조。3)영양조공능촉진모우강우각위실발육。시험조망위화추위중량여정상대조조차이불현저( P>0.05)。반광알조류위중량최고,점복위총중비례최고,병여정상대조조무현저차이( P>0.05)。4)영양조공촉진료모우강우장도각단적발육,기중첨전조화반광알조동정상대조조차이균불현저( P>0.05)。결과제시,보사정료촉진료모우강우생장급위장도발육,차기출상보사첨전화반광알사모우강우상술지표접근혹초과정상모우。
    In order to investigate the effects of different nutritional regulations on body measurements and gastro-intestinal tract development of yaks with growth retardation, twenty 1-year-old Qinghai high plateau yaks with growth retardation [average body weight=(54.24±9.24) kg, which was 1.5-fold standard deviations less than the average weight of yak groups with same age and breed] were randomly selected and assigned into 4 groups. They were slaughter control group, concentrate group ( supplemented with concentrate) , lick block group ( sup-plemented with concentrate + lick block) and cysteamine group ( supplemented with concentrate +cysteamine) . In addition, another five 1-year-old Qinghai high plateau yaks with normal growth performance [ average body weight = (75.34±2.43) kg] were selected as normal control group (supplemented with concentrate). After 14-day adaptation, yaks in slaughter control group were slaughtered and sampled. After 84 days of formal feeding experiment, yaks in the other groups were slaughtered and sampled. The results showed as follows:1) no signif-icant differences were obtained in feed intake of concentrate, roughage and dry matter, and nutrient intake among all groups ( P>0.05) . 2) In contrast with slaughter control group, body measurements of yaks increased to differ-ent extents after 84 days feeding. In contrast with normal control group, body height of lick block group and cys-teamine group was not significantly different (P>0.05); body length and chest depth of experimental groups were not significantly different ( P>0.05) , and cysteamine group was slightly higher. 3) Nutritional regulations could promote the growth of stomachus compositus of yaks with growth retardation. In contrast with normal con-trol group, no significant differences were obtained in reticulum and abomasum weight of experimental groups (P>0.05). Cysteamine group had the highest rumen weight, accounting for the maximum percentage in total stomachus compositus weight, and those were not significantly different from normal control group (P>0.05). 4) Nutritional regulations could promote the growth of different intestinal tract segments of yaks with growth re-tardation. In contrast with normal control group, no significant differences were obtained in the weight of differ-ent intestinal tract segments of lick block group and cysteamine group (P>0.05). The results indicate that con-centrate supplementation promote the growth of body measurements and gastrointestinal tract, and further supple-mentation of lick block and cysteamine increase these indexes of yaks with growth retardation and even exceeded yaks with normal growth performance.
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