农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2015年
10期
11-19
,共9页
邱进%吴明亮%官春云%方友祥%李小聪
邱進%吳明亮%官春雲%方友祥%李小聰
구진%오명량%관춘운%방우상%리소총
农业机械%机械化%设计%稻秸秆%切碎%秸秆还田
農業機械%機械化%設計%稻秸稈%切碎%秸稈還田
농업궤계%궤계화%설계%도갈간%절쇄%갈간환전
agriculture machinery%mechanization%design%rice straw%chop%return to field
针对中国南方稻田留茬高、土壤黏重,油菜栽种复式作业机耕整地作业部件易缠草、壅泥,影响作业质量和油菜出苗的难题,提出了将田间稻秸秆收集切碎并绕过耕作部件后均匀覆盖于播种行行间的种植方法,研发了多功能油菜覆草直播播种机,围绕该机器设计了一种动刀与定刀及风送叶片同轴安装的稻秸秆切碎装置,并分别对稻秸秆的“站秆”和“残茬”进行切碎台架试验。结果表明:喂入压辊转速、动刀转轴转速、动定刀间隙3个影响因素对切碎长度合格率、功耗影响显著;对“站秆”和“残茬”切碎的各因素取值为:喂入压辊转速399.2、401.64 r/min,动刀转轴转速968.12、977.23 r/min,动定刀间隙0.52、0.49 mm时,稻秸秆切碎合格长度率为95.78%、96.98%,功率损耗为3.09、2.68 kW。经整机田间试验,该装置的秸秆田间覆盖效果达到油菜种植农艺要求。该研究为多功能油菜覆草直播播种机产业化提供了技术参考。
針對中國南方稻田留茬高、土壤黏重,油菜栽種複式作業機耕整地作業部件易纏草、壅泥,影響作業質量和油菜齣苗的難題,提齣瞭將田間稻秸稈收集切碎併繞過耕作部件後均勻覆蓋于播種行行間的種植方法,研髮瞭多功能油菜覆草直播播種機,圍繞該機器設計瞭一種動刀與定刀及風送葉片同軸安裝的稻秸稈切碎裝置,併分彆對稻秸稈的“站稈”和“殘茬”進行切碎檯架試驗。結果錶明:餵入壓輥轉速、動刀轉軸轉速、動定刀間隙3箇影響因素對切碎長度閤格率、功耗影響顯著;對“站稈”和“殘茬”切碎的各因素取值為:餵入壓輥轉速399.2、401.64 r/min,動刀轉軸轉速968.12、977.23 r/min,動定刀間隙0.52、0.49 mm時,稻秸稈切碎閤格長度率為95.78%、96.98%,功率損耗為3.09、2.68 kW。經整機田間試驗,該裝置的秸稈田間覆蓋效果達到油菜種植農藝要求。該研究為多功能油菜覆草直播播種機產業化提供瞭技術參攷。
침대중국남방도전류치고、토양점중,유채재충복식작업궤경정지작업부건역전초、옹니,영향작업질량화유채출묘적난제,제출료장전간도갈간수집절쇄병요과경작부건후균균복개우파충행행간적충식방법,연발료다공능유채복초직파파충궤,위요해궤기설계료일충동도여정도급풍송협편동축안장적도갈간절쇄장치,병분별대도갈간적“참간”화“잔치”진행절쇄태가시험。결과표명:위입압곤전속、동도전축전속、동정도간극3개영향인소대절쇄장도합격솔、공모영향현저;대“참간”화“잔치”절쇄적각인소취치위:위입압곤전속399.2、401.64 r/min,동도전축전속968.12、977.23 r/min,동정도간극0.52、0.49 mm시,도갈간절쇄합격장도솔위95.78%、96.98%,공솔손모위3.09、2.68 kW。경정궤전간시험,해장치적갈간전간복개효과체도유채충식농예요구。해연구위다공능유채복초직파파충궤산업화제공료기술삼고。
Due to long stubble remained in farmland after harvesting as well as hardened and impervious soil in southern farmland of China, the tillage and land preparation parts of multifunctional rape-planting machine tend to wind grass and obstruct with mud, which impairs the working performance of ridging equipment and reduces the percentage of rapeseed seedling germination. In order to solve these problems, a rapeseed planting method is proposed, which combines the straw mulching cultivation with the direct seeding. The method is used to collect and cut the rice stubbles, and then the chopped rice stubbles are evenly covered on the inter-row spaces without involving the tillage apparatus. A multifunctional rape-planting device is mounted to a rice combine-harvester by replacing screening device, using the original harvester header to collect the rice stubbles and replacing the threshing cylinder to chop and scatter the rice stubbles. In this paper, an air-assisted chopping mechanism was designed, in which the moving knives and the transplanting blades were coaxially installed. The performance of the air-assisted chopping mechanism was evaluated by simulating the chopping operation of “stalk-standing” and “crop residue” in farmland through a bench test driven by an electric motor. A quadratic orthogonal rotating experiment was designed by Design-Expert software. Based on the variance analysis and regression fitting, a multiple regression equation was obtained, showing the effects of the rotating speed of feeding press rolls, the rotating speed of rotation shaft of moving knives and the gaps between moving knife and stationary knife on the qualified rate of chopped stalk length and the power attenuation. It was shown that the rotating speed of rotation shaft of moving knives had the most influential effect, followed by the gaps between moving knife and stationary knife, and the rotating speed of feeding press rolls had the least effect on the qualified rate of chopped stalk length and the power attenuation. The response surface method was applied to optimize the operation conditions. The optimum factors for “stalk-standing” and “crop residue” chopping operation were as follows: The rotating speeds of feeding press rolls were 399.2 and 401.64 r/min, the rotating speeds of rotation shaft of moving knives were 968.12 and 977.23 r/min, and the gaps between moving knife and stationary knife were 0.52 and 0.49 mm, respectively. Under the optimal condition, the corresponding qualified rates of chopped stalk length for “stalk-standing” and “crop residue” were 95.89% and 97.09%, as well as the power attenuations were 3.04 and 2.6 kW, respectively. The differences between the experimental and the software analytical value of the qualified rate of chopped stalk length for “stalk-standing” and “crop residue” were both 0.11% and those of power attenuation were 0.05 and 0.08 kW, respectively, which indicated that the software analytical value was in great agreement with the experiment value. Based on the theoretical analysis, the higher qualified rate of chopped stalk length could be achieved under the faster rotating speed of rotation shaft of moving knives and the smaller gaps between moving knife and stationary knife. Taking into consideration the existing form of rice straw in farmland, the rotating speed of feeding press roll was designed to be 401.64 r/min, the rotating speed of rotation shaft of moving knife 977.23 r/min, and the gap between moving knife and stationary knife 0.49 mm. It can provide technical support for the design of rapeseed planter with the combination of straw-mulching cultivation and direct seeding.