CAJ | 학술논문

针对现有小型风力发电机效率远低于理论值问题，对100 W水平轴风力机叶片进行仿生改进。采用Spalart-Allmaras模型分析不同攻角下海鸥翼型与标准翼型的气动特性；以标准100 W水平轴风力机叶片为原型，结合海鸥翼型、标准弦长和计算得出的安装角，设计得到仿海鸥翼型叶片；利用SST k-ω模型进行仿海鸥翼型叶片与标准叶片气动特性数值模拟；搭建室内风力机效率测试平台，进行仿海鸥翼型风力机与标准风力机效率对比试验。结果表明：海鸥翼型气动性能优良，最大升力系数是标准翼型的2.19倍，最大升阻比是标准翼型的1.34倍；仿海鸥翼型叶片与标准叶片相比，输出功率提高25.77%。该研究可为小型风力发电机的改进设计提供参考。
침대현유소형풍력발전궤효솔원저우이론치문제，대100 W수평축풍력궤협편진행방생개진。채용Spalart-Allmaras모형분석불동공각하해구익형여표준익형적기동특성；이표준100 W수평축풍력궤협편위원형，결합해구익형、표준현장화계산득출적안장각，설계득도방해구익형협편；이용SST k-ω모형진행방해구익형협편여표준협편기동특성수치모의；탑건실내풍력궤효솔측시평태，진행방해구익형풍력궤여표준풍력궤효솔대비시험。결과표명：해구익형기동성능우량，최대승력계수시표준익형적2.19배，최대승조비시표준익형적1.34배；방해구익형협편여표준협편상비，수출공솔제고25.77%。해연구가위소형풍력발전궤적개진설계제공삼고。
Power of the existing small-sized wind turbine blades is much less than the theoretical value. This study improved 100 W wind turbine blades to increase the power of wind turbine. First of all, Spalart-Allmaras model which was suitable for airfoil stalling characteristics research was used to analyze the aerodynamic characteristics of seagull airfoil and standard airfoil with different angles of attack (AOA). Seagull airfoil and standard airfoil were got from seagull wing and standard blade by portable three-dimension scanner, Imageware software and Geomagic Studio software through standard blade scan, seagull wing scan, point cloud processing, reverse engineering modeling and cross section capture. Lift coefficients and lift-drag ratios of seagull airfoil and standard airfoil were calculated by Fluent software. Secondly, bionic blade was designed based on standard 100 W blades and Glauert theory. Thirdly, numerical simulations of bionic blade and standard blade were performed by using SST(shear stress transport) k-ω model which was suitable for blade performance research to analyze the aerodynamic characteristics of bionic blade and standard blade. Last of all, efficiencies of bionic wind turbine and standard wind turbine were measured by using self-designed test platform to compare the effects of these 2 kinds of wind turbines. Lift coefficient of seagull airfoil was higher than that of standard airfoil with different AOA of from 0 to 20°. The maximum lift coefficient of seagull airfoil was 2.19 times that of standard airfoil with the AOA of 8°. Lift-drag ratio of seagull airfoil was also higher than that of standard airfoil with different AOA of from 0 to 20°. The maximum lift-drag ratio of seagull airfoil with the AOA of 3° was 1.34 times that of standard airfoil with the AOA of 5°. Static pressure color map showed that surface pressure difference of seagull airfoil was larger than that of standard airfoil with the same AOA. With the AOA of 15°, upper surface of standard airfoil was separated with airflow totally, whereas for seagull airfoil there was only half separation. Numerical simulations manifested that static pressure of standard blade was distributed from tip to root, whereas in bionic blade it was from tip to middle. Efficiency tests indicated that power of bionic blade was larger than that of standard blade within the wind speed of 0-10.7 m/s, which increased by 25.77%. The lift coefficient of seagull airfoil was higher than that of standard airfoil, which proved that seagull airfoil provided more lift than standard airfoil under the same working condition. The lift-drag ratio of seagull airfoil was higher than that of standard airfoil, which proved that seagull airfoil provided more power than that of standard airfoil under the same working condition. With the AOA of 15°, airflow was totally separated with standard airfoil but partly separated with seagull airfoil, which proved that stalling AOA of seagull airfoil was larger than that of standard airfoil. Therefore, it can be concluded that aerodynamic characteristics of seagull airfoil are better than that of standard airfoil, and seagull airfoil adapts to more complex working condition. This research provides the reference for improving the design of small-sized wind turbine.