农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2015年
10期
64-71
,共8页
周良富%傅锡敏%丁为民%丁素明%陈健%陈政君
週良富%傅錫敏%丁為民%丁素明%陳健%陳政君
주량부%부석민%정위민%정소명%진건%진정군
农业机械%农药%设计%果园喷雾机%圆盘%风送喷雾%果树
農業機械%農藥%設計%果園噴霧機%圓盤%風送噴霧%果樹
농업궤계%농약%설계%과완분무궤%원반%풍송분무%과수
agricultural machine%pesticides%design%orchard sprayer%disc atomizer%air-assist%fruit tree
针对药液难以穿透篱笆型果树冠层，施药机具对果树冠层的适应性差等问题，提出双侧同时气流辅助喷雾方法，采用电动丝杆调节雾化器的上下左右运动，以变频法调节风机转速，设计了可根据果树外形来调节喷雾位置的组合圆盘式果树风送喷雾机。设计的圆盘式雾化器为单叶轮级（R级），风机叶轮直径为400 mm，当风机转速大于1300 r/min时，风量大于1 m3/s；试验结果表明，组合喷雾执行装置完成升降、伸缩和旋转的时间分别为51.3、50.5、26.5 s；在0.4 MPa工作压力、风机转速为1400 r/min时，不同喷头的喷雾量差异较小；雾滴粒径在射程方向上先增大后减小；垂直雾量分布的范围为1～2.4 m，雾量分布较均匀；在叶面积指数为37.6的非洲茉莉上，树冠外围的正反面覆盖率一致，冠层内叶片正反面覆盖率分别达到为12.77%和9.74%，最小雾滴数为47滴/cm2，大于通用试验方法对风送喷雾中喷幅界定的20滴/cm2。该研究为篱笆型果树病虫害防治提供新装备，为果园风送喷雾机改进设计提供参考。
針對藥液難以穿透籬笆型果樹冠層，施藥機具對果樹冠層的適應性差等問題，提齣雙側同時氣流輔助噴霧方法，採用電動絲桿調節霧化器的上下左右運動，以變頻法調節風機轉速，設計瞭可根據果樹外形來調節噴霧位置的組閤圓盤式果樹風送噴霧機。設計的圓盤式霧化器為單葉輪級（R級），風機葉輪直徑為400 mm，噹風機轉速大于1300 r/min時，風量大于1 m3/s；試驗結果錶明，組閤噴霧執行裝置完成升降、伸縮和鏇轉的時間分彆為51.3、50.5、26.5 s；在0.4 MPa工作壓力、風機轉速為1400 r/min時，不同噴頭的噴霧量差異較小；霧滴粒徑在射程方嚮上先增大後減小；垂直霧量分佈的範圍為1～2.4 m，霧量分佈較均勻；在葉麵積指數為37.6的非洲茉莉上，樹冠外圍的正反麵覆蓋率一緻，冠層內葉片正反麵覆蓋率分彆達到為12.77%和9.74%，最小霧滴數為47滴/cm2，大于通用試驗方法對風送噴霧中噴幅界定的20滴/cm2。該研究為籬笆型果樹病蟲害防治提供新裝備，為果園風送噴霧機改進設計提供參攷。
침대약액난이천투리파형과수관층，시약궤구대과수관층적괄응성차등문제，제출쌍측동시기류보조분무방법，채용전동사간조절무화기적상하좌우운동，이변빈법조절풍궤전속，설계료가근거과수외형래조절분무위치적조합원반식과수풍송분무궤。설계적원반식무화기위단협륜급（R급），풍궤협륜직경위400 mm，당풍궤전속대우1300 r/min시，풍량대우1 m3/s；시험결과표명，조합분무집행장치완성승강、신축화선전적시간분별위51.3、50.5、26.5 s；재0.4 MPa공작압력、풍궤전속위1400 r/min시，불동분두적분무량차이교소；무적립경재사정방향상선증대후감소；수직무량분포적범위위1～2.4 m，무량분포교균균；재협면적지수위37.6적비주말리상，수관외위적정반면복개솔일치，관층내협편정반면복개솔분별체도위12.77%화9.74%，최소무적수위47적/cm2，대우통용시험방법대풍송분무중분폭계정적20적/cm2。해연구위리파형과수병충해방치제공신장비，위과완풍송분무궤개진설계제공삼고。
In order to mechanize the pesticide application of fence-type fruit tree, enhance the droplet deposition in canopy and improve work efficiency, a combined disc air-assisted orchard sprayer was developed. The mechanism design theory and virtual prototyping technology were adopted to design the disc atomizer and combined spray execution device. Single impeller was put to use in disc atomizer design, and the diameter of impeller was 0.4 m. Six-step motors were included in the combined spray execution device for lifting, rotating and contraction, the rotating and lifting speed were 4 rad/s and 0.12 m/s, respectively. The adjustable range of spray height was from 3 to 4 m, and the hemi-spray width was adjustable from 2 to 3 m. So it was suitable for the fence-type orchard with row spacing of from 4 to 6 m. The container’s capacity was 1 000 L, and the spray volume was 51.63 L under the rated working pressure of 0.4 MPa. The distance of the run was up to 1 500 m, and the work efficiency was 2 times of single spray. The average spray volumes of the 8 nozzles of disc atomizer were 807, 894 and 1 020 mL/min under the pressures of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 MPa respectively, while the standard deviations were 7.4, 8.2 and 7.8. It showed that spray volumes of different nozzles had small change, while spray volume increased with the increasing of spray pressure. The droplet diameters at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 m along the direction of range were measured by DP-02 laser particle size analyzer under the pressures of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 MPa. The droplet diameters were 140, 135 and 122 μm in the distance of 2 m from the nozzle. The maximum diameter was in the distance of 4 m from the nozzle. The diameter decreased as the distance increased when the distance was greater than 4 m, while the diameter increased as the distance increased when the distance was less than 4 m. Spray deposition in vertical direction was mainly between 1 and 2 m above floor, and the maximum deposition was between 1.4 and 1.6 m. The data offered the basis to confirm the spray distance and guide the installation of disc atomizer. The fan property was tested and the performance curve graphic was drawn. Frequency transformer, torque meter and wind velocity indicator were used. The results showed that air volume was greater than 1 m3/s, and static pressure was greater than 60 Pa when the speed was greater than 1 300 r/min. The highest efficiency was 89% at 1 400 r/min. Execution time of each executive unit per stroke was 51.3 s for up and down, 50.5 s for stretch and draw and 26.5 s for rotation. The field experiment was conducted in Taizhou, which strictly followed the quality standard of air-assisted orchard sprayer (GB/T 24683-2009). The row space was 4 m × 2 m, the crown diameter of the tree was 0.7 m, and the height of the tree was 1.9 m. Three trees were randomly selected as sample trees. The intersection points of 3 horizontal layers and 3 vertical layers of each tree were set as sample points, with a total of 9 sample points for one tree. The result showed the pesticide was evenly distributed in the exterior of canopy, and the average coverage of the left and right were 55.13% and 52.60% respectively for the front of the leaf, and 6.57% and 7.14% respectively for the back of the leaf. The interior deposition was less than the exterior, but the spraying coverage was relatively even in the front and rear of the leaf, 12.77% and 9.74%, respectively. This study proposes a new machine of plant protection for the fence-type fruit tree, and also provides the reference for optimum design of orchard air-assisted sprayer.
