CAJ | 학술논문

热水沉积作用的研究已经历70余年，目前初步统一了热水沉积及其沉积岩的相关概念。按照形成矿物的温度和颜色特征及类型，将热水沉积作用分为白烟囱型和黑烟囱型，前者主要是在较低温度（100～320℃）下形成硅酸盐、硫酸盐等浅色矿物，后者主要在较高温度（320～400℃）下形成硫化物、氧化物等暗色矿物。大陆的热水沉积热液与海洋热液在温度与物理化学性质方面存在明显差异，大陆热水温度比海洋低，变化范围较海洋大；pH 均值比海洋高，变化范围较海洋热水小；Na＋K 离子浓度与海洋接近，Ca 离子与 Cl 离子浓度比海洋高，但它们的变化范围较海洋大。初步建立了一些关于热水沉积的沉积模式，如海底热液对流模式、盆地压实卤水对流模式、洋中脊岩浆热液—海水混合循环对流模式、热液溢流—喷流—溢流模式。由于热水沉积作用及热水沉积岩的分布具有特殊性和局限性，目前的研究程度较低，对热水沉积的化学过程和热力学过程、热流体成因、物质来源、热水沉积分异、热水沉积机理还不十分清楚，有待于进一步深入系统研究。
열수침적작용적연구이경력70여년，목전초보통일료열수침적급기침적암적상관개념。안조형성광물적온도화안색특정급류형，장열수침적작용분위백연창형화흑연창형，전자주요시재교저온도（100～320℃）하형성규산염、류산염등천색광물，후자주요재교고온도（320～400℃）하형성류화물、양화물등암색광물。대륙적열수침적열액여해양열액재온도여물이화학성질방면존재명현차이，대륙열수온도비해양저，변화범위교해양대；pH 균치비해양고，변화범위교해양열수소；Na＋K 리자농도여해양접근，Ca 리자여 Cl 리자농도비해양고，단타문적변화범위교해양대。초보건립료일사관우열수침적적침적모식，여해저열액대류모식、분지압실서수대류모식、양중척암장열액—해수혼합순배대류모식、열액일류—분류—일류모식。유우열수침적작용급열수침적암적분포구유특수성화국한성，목전적연구정도교저，대열수침적적화학과정화열역학과정、열류체성인、물질래원、열수침적분이、열수침적궤리환불십분청초，유대우진일보심입계통연구。
Hydrothermal sedimentation has been studied for over 70 years since being discovered, and its related terminology has been preliminarily unified.It has been classified into the white smoker and the black smoker according to the mineral forming temperature and color,as well as some depositional models.The former deposits light-colored minerals such as silicates and sulfates under lower temperatures (1 00-320℃),while the latter deposits dark-colored minerals such as sulfides and oxides under relative-ly higher temperatures (320-400℃).There are some differences in temperature and physics-chemistry between terrestrial and marine hot fluids.The terrestrial thermal fluids are with lower and more various tem-peratures,higher and relatively fixed pH values,similar Na +K ionic concentrations,and higher and more various Ca and Cl ionic concentrations as to the marine thermal fluids.Some hydrothermal sedimenta- <br> tion models have been set up,such as seafloor thermal fluids convection,compaction brine convection, mixed magma thermal fluid from mid-oceanic ridge-sea water convection,and overflowing-spraying-over-flowing.However,due to the specificity and limitation of the hydrothermal sedimentation and its product distribution,the research is not enough.The discussion about the chemical and thermodynamics process of hydrothermal sedimentation is deficient.The origin, source, differentiation of thermal fluids, and the depositional mechanism are not very clear.All of these above should be further studied.