岩矿测试
巖礦測試
암광측시
ROCK AND MINERAL ANALYSIS
2015年
3期
269-277
,共9页
毒性元素%植物根系%吸收途径%影响因素%研究进展
毒性元素%植物根繫%吸收途徑%影響因素%研究進展
독성원소%식물근계%흡수도경%영향인소%연구진전
toxic element%plant root system%uptake pathway%influence factors%research progress
环境中的毒性元素被植物吸收后，不仅危害植物生长，还会通过生物链的传递危害人类健康。植物吸收毒性元素有根、茎、叶三种途径，其中根系吸收最为重要。明晰毒性元素进入根细胞的途径和影响因素，有助于阻控其进入植物，降低食用风险。近年来，在毒性元素根系吸收途径研究领域，国际上主要开展了吸收动力学过程、转运蛋白识别和外界环境作用机制研究。本文从根系对 As、Cd、Pb 的吸收途径和影响因素两个方面，对植物利用转运蛋白和离子通道跨膜转运过程、根际环境与共存元素的影响等进行了评述，并认为在分子尺度下开展毒性元素细胞吸收动态过程、细胞响应机制和根际多因素作用机理研究是该领域未来发展方向，同时推测 As（Ⅲ）的外排机制与 P 类似，且 Pb2＋利用了 Ca2＋通道转运至木质部。
環境中的毒性元素被植物吸收後，不僅危害植物生長，還會通過生物鏈的傳遞危害人類健康。植物吸收毒性元素有根、莖、葉三種途徑，其中根繫吸收最為重要。明晰毒性元素進入根細胞的途徑和影響因素，有助于阻控其進入植物，降低食用風險。近年來，在毒性元素根繫吸收途徑研究領域，國際上主要開展瞭吸收動力學過程、轉運蛋白識彆和外界環境作用機製研究。本文從根繫對 As、Cd、Pb 的吸收途徑和影響因素兩箇方麵，對植物利用轉運蛋白和離子通道跨膜轉運過程、根際環境與共存元素的影響等進行瞭評述，併認為在分子呎度下開展毒性元素細胞吸收動態過程、細胞響應機製和根際多因素作用機理研究是該領域未來髮展方嚮，同時推測 As（Ⅲ）的外排機製與 P 類似，且 Pb2＋利用瞭 Ca2＋通道轉運至木質部。
배경중적독성원소피식물흡수후，불부위해식물생장，환회통과생물련적전체위해인류건강。식물흡수독성원소유근、경、협삼충도경，기중근계흡수최위중요。명석독성원소진입근세포적도경화영향인소，유조우조공기진입식물，강저식용풍험。근년래，재독성원소근계흡수도경연구영역，국제상주요개전료흡수동역학과정、전운단백식별화외계배경작용궤제연구。본문종근계대 As、Cd、Pb 적흡수도경화영향인소량개방면，대식물이용전운단백화리자통도과막전운과정、근제배경여공존원소적영향등진행료평술，병인위재분자척도하개전독성원소세포흡수동태과정、세포향응궤제화근제다인소작용궤리연구시해영역미래발전방향，동시추측 As（Ⅲ）적외배궤제여 P 유사，차 Pb2＋이용료 Ca2＋통도전운지목질부。
Toxic elements in the environment taken up by plants,not only damage plant growth,but also harm the health of human beings through the food chain.Toxic elements are taken up by plants commonly through root,stem and foliar,of which the foliar is the most important way.Knowing the ways of toxic elements entering the root cell and its influence factors would lower the uptake of toxic elements by plants and lower the edible danger.In recent years,uptake kinetic process,transport protein identification and action mechanism of external factors are carried out internationally in the field of root system uptake pathway of toxic elements.In this paper,we focus on the root uptake pathway of As,Cd and Pb and its influence factors.Transport processes by transport protein and ion channel of transmembrane protein,rhizosphere environment and the effects of coexisting elements are reviewed.It is concluded that the dynamic process of cellular uptake of As,Cd and Pb at the molecular scale,the cell response mechanism,and rhizosphere effect mechanism of many factors are the main research orientation in the future. Moreover,it is possible that the efflux mechanism of As(Ⅲ)is similar to P and Pb2 +is transported to xylem by Ca2 +channels.
