化工进展
化工進展
화공진전
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS
2015年
6期
1501-1510
,共10页
离子热合成%分子筛%结晶%膜%微波化学%溶剂效应
離子熱閤成%分子篩%結晶%膜%微波化學%溶劑效應
리자열합성%분자사%결정%막%미파화학%용제효응
ionothermal synthesis%molecular sieves%crystallization%membranes%microwave chemistry%solvent effect
离子热法是一种以离子液体或低共熔物为反应介质、在低挥发性的离子态反应环境中合成沸石分子筛的方法。离子热合成可在接近常压下进行，因此不但能够克服常规液相合成体系高压带来的操作困难，而且为分子筛合成机理研究提供了便利，同时便于与微波等电磁技术耦合。本文总结了离子热法在沸石分子筛材料合成及机理研究方面取得的进展。通过调变反应介质种类、反应物组成、晶化条件以及添加氟或有机胺等可以得到不同组成、结构的沸石分子筛产物以及AlPO、SAPO分子筛膜；在离子热合成过程中，离子液体和低共熔物的阳离子、有机胺或铵盐、金属阳离子等能够独立或协同起到结构导向作用。预期离子热法可为分子筛器件的放大生产提供一条灵活、方便的途径。
離子熱法是一種以離子液體或低共鎔物為反應介質、在低揮髮性的離子態反應環境中閤成沸石分子篩的方法。離子熱閤成可在接近常壓下進行，因此不但能夠剋服常規液相閤成體繫高壓帶來的操作睏難，而且為分子篩閤成機理研究提供瞭便利，同時便于與微波等電磁技術耦閤。本文總結瞭離子熱法在沸石分子篩材料閤成及機理研究方麵取得的進展。通過調變反應介質種類、反應物組成、晶化條件以及添加氟或有機胺等可以得到不同組成、結構的沸石分子篩產物以及AlPO、SAPO分子篩膜；在離子熱閤成過程中，離子液體和低共鎔物的暘離子、有機胺或銨鹽、金屬暘離子等能夠獨立或協同起到結構導嚮作用。預期離子熱法可為分子篩器件的放大生產提供一條靈活、方便的途徑。
리자열법시일충이리자액체혹저공용물위반응개질、재저휘발성적리자태반응배경중합성비석분자사적방법。리자열합성가재접근상압하진행，인차불단능구극복상규액상합성체계고압대래적조작곤난，이차위분자사합성궤리연구제공료편리，동시편우여미파등전자기술우합。본문총결료리자열법재비석분자사재료합성급궤리연구방면취득적진전。통과조변반응개질충류、반응물조성、정화조건이급첨가불혹유궤알등가이득도불동조성、결구적비석분자사산물이급AlPO、SAPO분자사막；재리자열합성과정중，리자액체화저공용물적양리자、유궤알혹안염、금속양리자등능구독립혹협동기도결구도향작용。예기리자열법가위분자사기건적방대생산제공일조령활、방편적도경。
Ionothermal synthesis is a method that uses either ionic liquid (IL) or deep eutectic solvent (DES) as reaction medium to synthesize zeolitic molecular sieves. The reaction environment of ionothermal synthesis is ionic and extremely low volatile. This is due to the inherent characteristics of IL/DES,as well as their isolation-deactivation effect on molecular reactants via hydrogen bonds. Compared with hydro/solvothermal routes,the most significant property of ionothermal synthesis is that it can take place at ambient pressure with few safety risks. This property brings convenience to in situ studies,and benefits the application of microwave heating to the synthesis of molecular sieves. Moreover,great flexibility is shown in ionothermal synthesis. By alternating reaction medium, reactant composition and crystallization condition,zeolitic products with various compositions and structures can be ionothermally synthesized. In the past decade,fruitful results have been obtained with respect to both the synthesis of zeolitic materials and the study of formation mechanisms of molecular sieves. Ionothermal synthesis has been proven as a promising method to prepare zeolitic phosphates. More than 20 zeolite framework types of zeolitic phosphates have been ionothermally synthesized until now. Some of these zeolitic phosphates,such as CoAPO-SIV and AlPO-CLO,have never been obtained from traditional systems. Under ionothermal conditions,a variety of zeolite films and membranes,such as AlPO,SAPO and metal-organic framework,have been prepared via the in situ method or the substrate surface conversion method. The substrate surface conversion method can be applied to preparing AlPO membranes on porous Al2O3,which is used as both substrate and aluminium source. This method inhibits the crystallization of molecular sieves in the liquid phase,avoids the influence of species diffusion on membrane formation,and benefits the formation of membranes with high quality. Under ionothermal conditions,various species,such as the cations of IL/DES,the additive amines/ammonium cations and the metal cations,have potential structure directing ability. The complex cations,which are formed by amine molecules and IL/DES cations via hydrogen bonds,can also play the role of structure directing agent. Compared with molecular solvents,IL and DES have little disturbance to the structure directing process during the formation of molecular sieves. Considering its fascinating features,ionothermal synthesis would be a rational choice for the industrial preparation of zeolite-based devices.
