CAJ | 학술논문

为研究土地整理对紫色土区土壤理化特性的影响，采用整理前后点对点的定位采集样品方式进行野外作业，应用主成分分析法和聚类分析法对比分析Ⅰ区（土地整理年限为19个月）、Ⅱ区（土地整理年限为7个月）与Ⅲ区（土地整理年限为1个月）土地整理前后的土壤理化性状相关关系的变化情况。结果表明：短期土地整理年限内（该文设定为19个月），土地整理年限的长短对表土层土壤性质的变化有影响。土地整理工程实施后，Ⅰ区大部分土壤性质更均匀，土壤性质的变化主要为有利的，有机质和阳离子交换量分别显著增加9.59%和13.84%（P＜0.05），土壤砂粒减小（P＜0.05），粉粒和黏粒增加（P＜0.05），团聚体破坏率显著减小33.22%（P＜0.05）；Ⅱ区土层厚度显著增加为25 cm（P＜0.05），砾石含量显著增加（P＜0.05），土壤有效持水量显著增加102.96%（P＜0.05）；Ⅲ区大部分土壤性质更均匀，土壤性质的变化主要是不利的，容重显著增高14.63%（P＜0.05），粉粒含量、有机质分别显著降低14.16%和24.95%（P＜0.05），团聚体破坏率显著增加58%（P＜0.05）。3个区域土地整理后土壤性质间的相关关系都发生了变化。Ward Linkage法各分类组分之间具有更好的相关性，而Average Linkage法与主成分分析结果具有更好的一致性。该文的研究结果可为紫色土区农田的整治工程提供依据。
위연구토지정리대자색토구토양이화특성적영향，채용정리전후점대점적정위채집양품방식진행야외작업，응용주성분분석법화취류분석법대비분석Ⅰ구（토지정리년한위19개월）、Ⅱ구（토지정리년한위7개월）여Ⅲ구（토지정리년한위1개월）토지정리전후적토양이화성상상관관계적변화정황。결과표명：단기토지정리년한내（해문설정위19개월），토지정리년한적장단대표토층토양성질적변화유영향。토지정리공정실시후，Ⅰ구대부분토양성질경균균，토양성질적변화주요위유리적，유궤질화양리자교환량분별현저증가9.59%화13.84%（P＜0.05），토양사립감소（P＜0.05），분립화점립증가（P＜0.05），단취체파배솔현저감소33.22%（P＜0.05）；Ⅱ구토층후도현저증가위25 cm（P＜0.05），력석함량현저증가（P＜0.05），토양유효지수량현저증가102.96%（P＜0.05）；Ⅲ구대부분토양성질경균균，토양성질적변화주요시불리적，용중현저증고14.63%（P＜0.05），분립함량、유궤질분별현저강저14.16%화24.95%（P＜0.05），단취체파배솔현저증가58%（P＜0.05）。3개구역토지정리후토양성질간적상관관계도발생료변화。Ward Linkage법각분류조분지간구유경호적상관성，이Average Linkage법여주성분분석결과구유경호적일치성。해문적연구결과가위자색토구농전적정치공정제공의거。
As a kind of human activity, the land consolidation deeply affects soil properties. The objective of this work was to analyze the impacts of land consolidation on soil physical and chemical properties such as soil depth, organic matter, aggregate stability and water retention capacity in 3 sample areas of purple region. Three different land consolidation histories were studied: One with 19 months (DistrictⅠ), one with 7 months (DistrictⅡ), and another within 1 month (DistrictⅢ). Samples of the soil surface were collected at the same points before and after the land consolidation using the GPS (Global Positioning System) positioning technique. Meanwhile, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were applied to explore the changes of relationship between soil properties under the effects of the land consolidation. The results showed that changes of the soil properties were observed after the land consolidation in the 3 districts. In a scale of short time (19 months in this paper), the length of land consolidation history still affected the changes of soil characteristics. Soils collected in DistrictⅠafter consolidation were characterized by better soil properties, such as higher silt content and clay content(P<0.05), lower sand content(P<0.05), higher organic matter and cation exchange capacity (increased by 9.59% and 13.84%, respectively,P<0.05), and lower available water capacity (decreased by 33.22%,P<0.05). In DistrictⅡ after consolidation, soil depth increased to 25 cm (P<0.05), and gravel content and soil available water capacity significantly increased (P<0.05) as well. The land consolidation may bring about serious soil compaction, and this negative influence mainly occurred within very short time just after the consolidation, which could be testified by DistrictⅢ. In DistrictⅢ after consolidation, bulk density and the percentage of aggregate destruction were respectively 14.63% and 58% higher than those before consolidation (P<0.05), while silt content and organic matter were respectively 14.16% and 24.95% lower than those before consolidation (P<0.05). And the increased available water capacity (P<0.05) in DistrictⅡ andⅢ were mainly due to the thickened soil depth. The variability of most soil properties in DistrictⅠ andⅢ decreased after the land consolidation, which indicated that the spatial distribution of soil properties grew more uniform through the consolidation in these districts. Based on the PCA, some changes in the relationships between soil properties under the effects of the consolidation were observed. The change of cluster analysis classifications in DistrictⅠ was the smallest, but the degree of the correlation relationships between the variables decreased. Although the change of cluster analysis classifications in DistrictⅡ was great, the degree of the correlation relationships between the variables increased. Both before and after the land consolidation, principal components of DistrictⅡ had the highest variance explained during 3 study districts. And in this study, there was no regularity on these changes among different consolidation histories, which may be due to the short time scale. But the two different methods of the hierarchical cluster analysis (Ward Linkage method and Average Linkage method) did not give the exactly same classifications. The Ward Linkage method allowed a better correlation between variables in the same group, while the other method had a better consistency with the results based on the PCA. In regard to the comparison of the 2 methods applied to classify the variables, it was obvious that more extensive information could be accessible by using more than one method. The results can serve as a basis for the further studies on the development of farmland consolidation in purple region.