CAJ | 학술논문

地震波在地下介质中传播时，由于地下介质的吸收衰减作用，地震波的部分弹性能量不可逆转的转化为热能而发生耗散，使得地震波的能量发生衰减，相位产生畸变，降低了地震资料的分辨率和信噪比。为了实现对地震波的吸收衰减进行补偿，国内外许多学者在这方面做了大量的研究工作。笔者简单介绍了地震波的衰减机制和影响地震波衰减的主要因素，重点概括了各种地震波衰减补偿的研究方法，如反 Q 滤波方法、时频分析方法和反 Q 偏移方法，分析了各种补偿方法的优缺点。最后用黏声波逆时偏移方法对地震波衰减进行了补偿，并预测了地震波衰减补偿研究的发展趋势。
지진파재지하개질중전파시，유우지하개질적흡수쇠감작용，지진파적부분탄성능량불가역전적전화위열능이발생모산，사득지진파적능량발생쇠감，상위산생기변，강저료지진자료적분변솔화신조비。위료실현대지진파적흡수쇠감진행보상，국내외허다학자재저방면주료대량적연구공작。필자간단개소료지진파적쇠감궤제화영향지진파쇠감적주요인소，중점개괄료각충지진파쇠감보상적연구방법，여반 Q 려파방법、시빈분석방법화반 Q 편이방법，분석료각충보상방법적우결점。최후용점성파역시편이방법대지진파쇠감진행료보상，병예측료지진파쇠감보상연구적발전추세。
The energy in seismic waves will be absorbed when the waves travel in the earth,because the medium in the earth is viscoe?lastic.There are many kinds of energy absorption,such as geometric spreading,intrinsic attenuation, transmission losses,and energy conversion.Such energy absorptions will decrease the signal?to?noise ratio and the resolution of seismic data.In order to realize the ener?gy compensation,many scholars both in China and abroad have tried their best to do a lot of work. In this paper,the seismic attenuation mechanism and the main factors affecting the seismic wave absorption were reviewed.Several kinds of methods of energy compensation for seismic absorption attenuation including inverse Q filtering ,time?frequency analysis and inverse Q migration were emphasized.An a?nalysis shows that these methods have their own advantages and disadvantages.The authors implement the viscoacoustic wave equation for the forward and backward wave propagation to correct the attenuation effects in reverse time migration.A numerical test demonstrates that the attenuation effects in reverse time migration can be properly compensated and the attenuation compensation can enhance the high?wavenumber components in complex geological structures.Finally,the development trend of seismic wave energy compensation is forecasted.