CAJ | 학술논문

本文简要介绍了电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）的工作原理和几种常见的ICP-MS技术，综述了国外法庭科学领域应用ICP-MS技术分析弹头化学组成来推断弹头来源的研究成果，重点阐述了ICP-MS分析铅同位素组成在弹头检验中的应用，分析了国内在相关领域研究中存在的问题，指出研究国产弹头的铅同位素组成以及微量元素组成，并建立相关数据库，对推断弹头来源以及涉枪案件的侦破具有重要意义。
본문간요개소료전감우합등리자체질보의（ICP-MS）적공작원리화궤충상견적ICP-MS기술，종술료국외법정과학영역응용ICP-MS기술분석탄두화학조성래추단탄두래원적연구성과，중점천술료ICP-MS분석연동위소조성재탄두검험중적응용，분석료국내재상관영역연구중존재적문제，지출연구국산탄두적연동위소조성이급미량원소조성，병건립상관수거고，대추단탄두래원이급섭창안건적정파구유중요의의。
ABATRACT:In shooting cases, bullets are very important physical evidence. To link a bullet that has been ifred to a certain weapon, the most conclusive way is still by identifying the striation marks on bullet. However, quite often in casework, the marks comparison cannot be carried out. For example, the ifrearm is covered or the bullet is totally crushed, and only bullet fragments or particles remain in victims’ body or at the crime scene. In such circumstances, chemical analysis of bullet fragments or lead particles can play a pivotal role in helping to identify the source of the bullet. Usually, three kinds of chemistry comparisons can provide useful information: lead isotope ratios, the percentage of antimony and amounts of trace elements. Lead has four stable isotopes, namely204Pb,206Pb,207Pb and208Pb. The204Pb has no radioactive precursor, while the other three come from nuclear disintegration of238U,235U and232Th, respectively. The isotopic ratios of lead in bullets vary as a function of the age of the ore ifeld where lead was extracted, so isotopic composition analysis is reliable to distinguish the source of bullets. Antimony is added by manufacturers in different proportions to harden the bullet depending on the characteristics needed. Analysis of antimony content would contribute to conifrm the results obtained with the lead isotopic ratios measurement. The amounts of trace elements are relevant to lead origin and its manufacturing process, so determination of minor and trace metals in bullets might give additional information. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) can provide both multi-elemental and isotopic information, which makes it become a very appealing technique in forensic science. For example, the technique shows the potential to be able to identify bullets in criminal investigation. Since the ifrst work which based on analyzing elemental and isotopic properties of bullets through ICP-MS instrument was published by Dufosse and Touron, more and more forensic scientists have been paying close attention to this topic. In this paper, the principle and category of ICP-MS technique is outlined, and the previous literatures in relation to the continuing and developing use of ICP-MS in identifying bullets are reviewed. At last, the reasons of few studies on ICP-MS method for the determination of chemical properties of bullets had been done by Chinese forensic scientists are also analyzed. Determining the chemical properties of bullets, especially lead isotope ratios in bullets, and establishing database for the bullets made in China, will be very helpful to identify the sources of bullets.