中华预防医学杂志
中華預防醫學雜誌
중화예방의학잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF
2015年
5期
411-418
,共8页
付连国%王海俊%孙丽丽%阳益德%李晓卉%王烁%孟祥坤%王政和%马军
付連國%王海俊%孫麗麗%暘益德%李曉卉%王爍%孟祥坤%王政和%馬軍
부련국%왕해준%손려려%양익덕%리효훼%왕삭%맹상곤%왕정화%마군
儿童%青少年%体像不满%肥胖危险因素%横断面研究
兒童%青少年%體像不滿%肥胖危險因素%橫斷麵研究
인동%청소년%체상불만%비반위험인소%횡단면연구
Children%Adolescent%Body image dissatisfaction%Obesity risk factors%Cross-sectional studies
目的：分析正常体重儿童体像不满的影响因素。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法，于2012年10月从北京市昌平区抽取680名中小学生，测量其身高、体重、腰围指标，采用“Ma体形图”调查学生自身及父母对其体像认知态度,采用自编调查问卷调查学生对肥胖危害因素的认知态度，依据中国肥胖问题工作组制定的《中国学龄儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查BMI分类标准》和《中国6～19岁学龄儿童青少年分年龄BMI筛查消瘦界值范围》筛查正常体重学生，按性别分层分析学生体像不满与肥胖危险因素认知态度的关系。结果有效调查测量学生680名，其中超重或肥胖学生占36.6%（249/680），消瘦占4.0%（27/680），正常体重学生占59.4%(404/680)。正常体重学生中，体像满意占32.7%(132/404)，期望变瘦占35.1%(142/404)，期望变胖占32.2%(130/404)，期望变瘦比例女生高于男生、中学高于小学[依次为46.4%(102/220)、21.8%(40/184)、39.8%(88/221)、29.5%(54/183)](χ2值分别为26.65、4.67，P值均<0.05）。期望变胖比例男生高于女生[依次为（42.9%(79/184)、23.2%(51/220)](χ2=17.91，P<0.001）；学生自身与父母对其体像认知态度一致率为60.4%(244/404)，一致性系数为0.41（P值<0.001）。父母期望子女变瘦以及对少喝含糖饮料、每天吃早餐持不赞成态度会增加男生期望变瘦风险，OR（95%CI）值分别为5.20(1.51～17.89)、3.43(1.11～10.59)、6.53(1.14～37.58)；父母期望子女变胖会增加男生期望变胖的风险，OR（95%CI）值为7.57(3.47～16.52)；父母期望子女变瘦以及对少吃高热量零食持赞成态度会增加女生期望变瘦的风险，OR（95%CI）值分别为65.74(8.45～511.21)、3.03(1.01～9.09)；父母期望子女变瘦、期望子女变胖均会增加女生期望变胖风险，OR值分别为17.38(1.53～197.74)、9.64(3.98～23.35)。结论正常体重儿童体像不满率较高，父母与子女自身体像认知态度一致性不高，合理引导学生对少喝含糖饮料、每天吃早餐、少吃高热量零食的认知态度有助于预防学生体像不满。
目的：分析正常體重兒童體像不滿的影響因素。方法採用分層整群隨機抽樣的方法，于2012年10月從北京市昌平區抽取680名中小學生，測量其身高、體重、腰圍指標，採用“Ma體形圖”調查學生自身及父母對其體像認知態度,採用自編調查問捲調查學生對肥胖危害因素的認知態度，依據中國肥胖問題工作組製定的《中國學齡兒童青少年超重肥胖篩查BMI分類標準》和《中國6～19歲學齡兒童青少年分年齡BMI篩查消瘦界值範圍》篩查正常體重學生，按性彆分層分析學生體像不滿與肥胖危險因素認知態度的關繫。結果有效調查測量學生680名，其中超重或肥胖學生佔36.6%（249/680），消瘦佔4.0%（27/680），正常體重學生佔59.4%(404/680)。正常體重學生中，體像滿意佔32.7%(132/404)，期望變瘦佔35.1%(142/404)，期望變胖佔32.2%(130/404)，期望變瘦比例女生高于男生、中學高于小學[依次為46.4%(102/220)、21.8%(40/184)、39.8%(88/221)、29.5%(54/183)](χ2值分彆為26.65、4.67，P值均<0.05）。期望變胖比例男生高于女生[依次為（42.9%(79/184)、23.2%(51/220)](χ2=17.91，P<0.001）；學生自身與父母對其體像認知態度一緻率為60.4%(244/404)，一緻性繫數為0.41（P值<0.001）。父母期望子女變瘦以及對少喝含糖飲料、每天喫早餐持不讚成態度會增加男生期望變瘦風險，OR（95%CI）值分彆為5.20(1.51～17.89)、3.43(1.11～10.59)、6.53(1.14～37.58)；父母期望子女變胖會增加男生期望變胖的風險，OR（95%CI）值為7.57(3.47～16.52)；父母期望子女變瘦以及對少喫高熱量零食持讚成態度會增加女生期望變瘦的風險，OR（95%CI）值分彆為65.74(8.45～511.21)、3.03(1.01～9.09)；父母期望子女變瘦、期望子女變胖均會增加女生期望變胖風險，OR值分彆為17.38(1.53～197.74)、9.64(3.98～23.35)。結論正常體重兒童體像不滿率較高，父母與子女自身體像認知態度一緻性不高，閤理引導學生對少喝含糖飲料、每天喫早餐、少喫高熱量零食的認知態度有助于預防學生體像不滿。
목적：분석정상체중인동체상불만적영향인소。방법채용분층정군수궤추양적방법，우2012년10월종북경시창평구추취680명중소학생，측량기신고、체중、요위지표，채용“Ma체형도”조사학생자신급부모대기체상인지태도,채용자편조사문권조사학생대비반위해인소적인지태도，의거중국비반문제공작조제정적《중국학령인동청소년초중비반사사BMI분류표준》화《중국6～19세학령인동청소년분년령BMI사사소수계치범위》사사정상체중학생，안성별분층분석학생체상불만여비반위험인소인지태도적관계。결과유효조사측량학생680명，기중초중혹비반학생점36.6%（249/680），소수점4.0%（27/680），정상체중학생점59.4%(404/680)。정상체중학생중，체상만의점32.7%(132/404)，기망변수점35.1%(142/404)，기망변반점32.2%(130/404)，기망변수비례녀생고우남생、중학고우소학[의차위46.4%(102/220)、21.8%(40/184)、39.8%(88/221)、29.5%(54/183)](χ2치분별위26.65、4.67，P치균<0.05）。기망변반비례남생고우녀생[의차위（42.9%(79/184)、23.2%(51/220)](χ2=17.91，P<0.001）；학생자신여부모대기체상인지태도일치솔위60.4%(244/404)，일치성계수위0.41（P치<0.001）。부모기망자녀변수이급대소갈함당음료、매천흘조찬지불찬성태도회증가남생기망변수풍험，OR（95%CI）치분별위5.20(1.51～17.89)、3.43(1.11～10.59)、6.53(1.14～37.58)；부모기망자녀변반회증가남생기망변반적풍험，OR（95%CI）치위7.57(3.47～16.52)；부모기망자녀변수이급대소흘고열량령식지찬성태도회증가녀생기망변수적풍험，OR（95%CI）치분별위65.74(8.45～511.21)、3.03(1.01～9.09)；부모기망자녀변수、기망자녀변반균회증가녀생기망변반풍험，OR치분별위17.38(1.53～197.74)、9.64(3.98～23.35)。결론정상체중인동체상불만솔교고，부모여자녀자신체상인지태도일치성불고，합리인도학생대소갈함당음료、매천흘조찬、소흘고열량령식적인지태도유조우예방학생체상불만。
Objective To analyze the influence factors of body image dissatisfaction among children and adolescents with normal weight. Methods The primary and middle school students who were selected from Changping district of Bejing city using the stratified cluster sampling method were measured body height, weight, and waist circumference. Body image cognitive attitude of students or their parents was surveyed using 'Ma figural shape'. The cognitive attitude of obesity risk factors was surveyed by self-designed questionnaires. The students with normal weight were selected according to 'reference norm for screening overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents(WGOC) in 2005' and 'reference norm for screening underweight in Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-19 years'. The association between body image dissatisfaction and cognitive attitude of obesity risk factors was analyzed for each gender. Results The study validly surveyed and measured 680 students, and there were 36.6%(249/680)students with overweight or obesity, 4.0%(27/680) students with underweight, and 59.4%(404/680) students with normal weight. Prevalence of body image satisfaction, expecting to be thinner, and to be fatter in students with normal weight was 32.7%(132/404), 35.1%(142/404), and 32.2%(130/404), respectively. The prevalence of expecting to be thinner in females and middle students was higher than that in males and primary students (46.4%(102/220) vs 21.8%(40/184)), (39.8%(88/221) vs 29.5%(54/183)), respectively;χ2 values were 26.65 and 4.67 respectively(P<0.05). The prevalence of expecting to be fatter in males was higher than that in females((42.9%(79/184) vs 23.2%(51/220)) (χ2=17.91, P<0.001). The concordance ratio on body image cognitive attitude between students and their parent was 60.4%(244/404), and the consistency coefficient was 0.41(P<0.001). The factors including parents expecting their children to be thinner, the negative attitude on less drinking sugary beverages and having breakfast per day might increase the risks of children expecting to be thinner in males, the OR(95%CI) value were 5.20(1.51-17.89), 3.43(1.11-10.59), and 6.53 (1.14-37.58), respectively. The parents expecting their children to be fatter might increase the risk of children expecting to be fatter in males, the OR(95%CI)value were 7.57(3.47-16.52). The factors including parents expecting their children to be thinner, and the positive attitude on less eating high calorie snacks might increase the risk of children expecting to be thinner in females, the OR(95%CI) value were 65.74 (8.45-511.21) and 3.03(1.01-9.09), respectively. The parents expecting their children to be thinner or fatter might increase the risk of children expecting to be fatter in females, the OR(95%CI) value were 17.38 (1.53-197.74) and 9.64(3.98-23.35), respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of body image dissatisfaction among students with normal weight was high, and the concordance ratio on body image cognitive attitude between themselves and their parents was low. Guiding students to have the correct cognitive attitude on less drinking sugary beverages, having breakfast per day, and less eating high calorie snacks may be conducive to prevent body image dissatisfaction.
