水利学报
水利學報
수리학보
2015年
5期
574-583
,共10页
水库淤积%拦粗排细%溯源冲刷%调水调沙%拦沙减淤
水庫淤積%攔粗排細%溯源遲刷%調水調沙%攔沙減淤
수고어적%란조배세%소원충쇄%조수조사%란사감어
reservoir sedimentation%retaining the coarse and sluicing the fine%retrogressive erosion%wa-ter-sediment regulation%sediment-mitigation by sediment storing
小浪底水库于1999年10月下旬下闸蓄水,2007年起进入拦沙后期。水库的运用方式,对于延长水库寿命,确保黄河下游防洪减淤,至关重要。本文基于三门峡水库数十年的运用经验,指出“拦粗排细”只有在水库淤积状态下出现,水库冲刷则可能出现“拦细排粗”或“粗细俱下、粗沙略多”的情况,评述了拟定的小浪底水库拦沙后期的运用方式,提出了水库运用应从“拦沙减淤”向“调沙减淤”转变的水库合理运用的基本原则和调整黄河中游大型水库的目的任务以确保黄河下游长治久安的建议。
小浪底水庫于1999年10月下旬下閘蓄水,2007年起進入攔沙後期。水庫的運用方式,對于延長水庫壽命,確保黃河下遊防洪減淤,至關重要。本文基于三門峽水庫數十年的運用經驗,指齣“攔粗排細”隻有在水庫淤積狀態下齣現,水庫遲刷則可能齣現“攔細排粗”或“粗細俱下、粗沙略多”的情況,評述瞭擬定的小浪底水庫攔沙後期的運用方式,提齣瞭水庫運用應從“攔沙減淤”嚮“調沙減淤”轉變的水庫閤理運用的基本原則和調整黃河中遊大型水庫的目的任務以確保黃河下遊長治久安的建議。
소랑저수고우1999년10월하순하갑축수,2007년기진입란사후기。수고적운용방식,대우연장수고수명,학보황하하유방홍감어,지관중요。본문기우삼문협수고수십년적운용경험,지출“란조배세”지유재수고어적상태하출현,수고충쇄칙가능출현“란세배조”혹“조세구하、조사략다”적정황,평술료의정적소랑저수고란사후기적운용방식,제출료수고운용응종“란사감어”향“조사감어”전변적수고합리운용적기본원칙화조정황하중유대형수고적목적임무이학보황하하유장치구안적건의。
The Xiaolangdi Reservoir is a large hydro-project on the Middle Yellow River with a total capac?ity of 12.65 billion m3 and the main tasks of flood control and sediment mitigation of the Lower Yellow Riv?er. Now, the reservoir is being operated in its second stage of sediment retaining. According to the planned scheme, the Xiaolangdi Reservoir will be operated in the form of so called“overyear regulation of sediment and indeterminate scouring of the reservoir”with the aim to prolong the life span of the reservoir. However, according to the experience from the Sanmenxia Reservoir, another major reservoir upstream of the Xiaolangdi, when the water level is dropped until the reservoir is empty, the strong retrogressive ero?sion would happen, and large amount of the eroded particles companied by the sediment from its upstream watershed would sluice and cause the tremendous siltation in the Lower Yellow River. Also from the San?menxia experience,a new operation mode including storing the fresh water in the nonflood season and sluic?ing the muddy water in the flood season, i.e., the mode of“water-sediment regulation”is suggested. The new mode could be of benefit to decrease the deposition both in the reservoir and the Lower Yellow Riv?er, and might be the only way for the operation mode of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir in its second operation stage. Furthermore,some other suggestions of deposition mitigation both in the reservoir and the Lower Yel?low River in the long time period on further are also submitted in this paper.