CAJ | 학술논문

氮磷等生源要素在河流生态系统中的滞留过程控制其输出形态和通量，进而影响河流生态系统结构和功能。流域面源、点源输出不同形态的磷素（溶解态、颗粒态，无机磷、有机磷等）在河流系统运移过程中，会发生复杂的物理、化学、生物过程，改变磷素形态、降低磷素运移通量。河道渠化、排污、修建水库等活动改变了河流系统中磷素循环过程和最终趋向，降低了源头溪流磷素滞留量，加剧下游河流、湖泊等水体富营养化进程。本文通过梳理国内外河流磷素滞留主要研究，系统总结物质平衡法、模型法、螺旋结构法等研究方法的优缺点，分析河流系统中磷素滞留机制和主要影响因素，认为流量、流速、藻类吸收、外源输入和暂时存储区域是磷素滞留最重要影响因子，可以通过恢复河流系统水文模式、恢复河道形态、维持河流生境多样化等措施促进河流磷素滞留，对于流域水污染控制和河流生态保护具有重要意义。
담린등생원요소재하류생태계통중적체류과정공제기수출형태화통량，진이영향하류생태계통결구화공능。류역면원、점원수출불동형태적린소（용해태、과립태，무궤린、유궤린등）재하류계통운이과정중，회발생복잡적물리、화학、생물과정，개변린소형태、강저린소운이통량。하도거화、배오、수건수고등활동개변료하류계통중린소순배과정화최종추향，강저료원두계류린소체류량，가극하유하류、호박등수체부영양화진정。본문통과소리국내외하류린소체류주요연구，계통총결물질평형법、모형법、라선결구법등연구방법적우결점，분석하류계통중린소체류궤제화주요영향인소，인위류량、류속、조류흡수、외원수입화잠시존저구역시린소체류최중요영향인자，가이통과회복하류계통수문모식、회복하도형태、유지하류생경다양화등조시촉진하류린소체류，대우류역수오염공제화하류생태보호구유중요의의。
Retention of nitrogen, phosphorus, and other elements in river ecosystem affects their output forms and fluxes, thereby affects river ecosystem structure and function. In river system, phosphorus is in?troduced with different forms from point and non-point sources. Due to complex physical,chemical and bio?logical processes, the forms and discharge flux of phosphorus can be changed. River channelization, pollu?tion discharge, reservoir building and other human activities have changed the transportation of phosphorus in the river system,and the retention of phosphorus in the headwaters has been greatly reduced. According?ly, more phosphorus would transport downstream, which can aggravate eutrophication risk of inland water. In this article,the summary of research progress on phosphorus retention was made on the basis of general?izing and analyzing relevant study achievements. The authors summarized the advantages and disadvantages of current nutrient retention research methods, such as material balance method, model method and spiral?ing method. Numerous studies have shown that flow/velocity, algae absorption, exogenous inputs and tempo?rary storage are the most important influencing factors for phosphorus retention. Restoring the hydrological cycle, river morphology, and maintaining river habitat diversification can promote the retention of phospho?rus, and these countermeasures have important implications for pollution control and river ecosystem protec?tion.