杂草科学
雜草科學
잡초과학
WEED SCIENCE
2015年
1期
1-9
,共9页
稻田%杂草%种子落粒性%粮食安全%杂草防治%遗传多样性%作物拟态%扩散
稻田%雜草%種子落粒性%糧食安全%雜草防治%遺傳多樣性%作物擬態%擴散
도전%잡초%충자락립성%양식안전%잡초방치%유전다양성%작물의태%확산
weed%rice field%seed shattering%food security%weed control%genetic diversity%crop mimicry%dispersal
水稻是重要的粮食作物，其高产稳产对世界粮食安全具有重要作用。杂草稻是稻田恶性杂草，对水稻的产量及品质均有很大危害，对我国未来的水稻生产带来了巨大的挑战，威胁着我国的粮食安全。介绍了杂草稻的种子落粒性、杂草性、种子休眠性、红果皮、生活周期短、快速适应性进化等基本特性而带来的危害，以及杂草稻的可能起源、遗传多样性和扩散方式对杂草稻防治带来的巨大困难。鉴于目前对杂草稻防治措施存在的不足，建议加强杂草稻生物学特性和发生规律的研究，从源头上控制杂草稻并切断其传播途径；同时，加强有效控制杂草稻方法的研究，以保证我国水稻的安全和可持续生产。
水稻是重要的糧食作物，其高產穩產對世界糧食安全具有重要作用。雜草稻是稻田噁性雜草，對水稻的產量及品質均有很大危害，對我國未來的水稻生產帶來瞭巨大的挑戰，威脅著我國的糧食安全。介紹瞭雜草稻的種子落粒性、雜草性、種子休眠性、紅果皮、生活週期短、快速適應性進化等基本特性而帶來的危害，以及雜草稻的可能起源、遺傳多樣性和擴散方式對雜草稻防治帶來的巨大睏難。鑒于目前對雜草稻防治措施存在的不足，建議加彊雜草稻生物學特性和髮生規律的研究，從源頭上控製雜草稻併切斷其傳播途徑；同時，加彊有效控製雜草稻方法的研究，以保證我國水稻的安全和可持續生產。
수도시중요적양식작물，기고산은산대세계양식안전구유중요작용。잡초도시도전악성잡초，대수도적산량급품질균유흔대위해，대아국미래적수도생산대래료거대적도전，위협착아국적양식안전。개소료잡초도적충자락립성、잡초성、충자휴면성、홍과피、생활주기단、쾌속괄응성진화등기본특성이대래적위해，이급잡초도적가능기원、유전다양성화확산방식대잡초도방치대래적거대곤난。감우목전대잡초도방치조시존재적불족，건의가강잡초도생물학특성화발생규률적연구，종원두상공제잡초도병절단기전파도경；동시，가강유효공제잡초도방법적연구，이보증아국수도적안전화가지속생산。
As one of the world’s most important cereal crops,the high production and quality of rice plays an important role in global food security.Weedy rice is noxious weed in rice fields and significantly lowers the yield and quality of rice pro-duction;it is also a challenge to rice production and a threat to rice security in China.This paper introduces the basic fea-tures of weedy rice such as seed shattering,weediness,seed dormancy,pericarp color,short life -cycles,and rapid adap-tive evolution,which has caused significant damage to rice production.We also review the possible origins,genetic diver-sity and dispersion of weedy rice which brought about tremendous difficulties for weedy rice control.Since the limitations and disadvantages of the current applied control measures against weedy rice,we propose to strengthening studies on bio-logical characteristics and occurrence patterns of weedy rice,so as to control the weedy rice and prevent its dispersion pathways from origin.At the same time,we should strengthen studies on methods that can effectively control weedy rice, so as to guarantee the security and sustainability of rice production.
