CAJ | 학술논문

目的调查上海市全科医学社区师资的带教情况,分析其影响因素,为今后有效提高社区全科医学教学水平提供依据.方法采用自行设计的调查问卷,对2012年7-10月间参加上海市某全科师资培训班的全科社区师资的一般情况、既往带教工作情况及自我教学能力评估等方面进行调查.结果 742人完成问卷,平均年龄(37±6)岁.49.8％(366/734)的被调查者表示愿意带教;从教学中提升自身素质是愿意从事带教工作的主要原因58.6％ (419/715).不愿带教的主要原因是工作负荷大、缺乏带教时间(31.8％,378/1 187)和缺乏带教经验(30.7％,364/1 187).106名既往有过社区带教经历的师资中,79.2％(80/101)带教前会先制定带教计划,但仅有8.9％(9/102)经常在带教中撰写教案;社区医疗工作实际需求(54.2％,56/92)是制定带教计划的首要依据,其次是学生实际情况和需求(29.1％,28/96),再次是教学大纲(17.7％,17/96).目前社区教学中存在的问题主要有缺乏带教经验(50.5％,50/99)、缺乏带教时间(42.4％,42/99)、带教形式单一(24.1％,25/104)和教学大纲操作性不强(21.2％,22/104).教学能力的自我评估显示,14.4％的师资不具备制定实施教学计划的能力,18.3％不具备运用多种教学方法的能力,31.2％无法每周安排1.5个工作日参与教学.logistic回归分析结果显示,学历高者(OR =2.027,P＜0.05)、有社区带教经历者(OR=3.069,P＜0.05)、个人素质和沟通能力强者(OR=2.488,P＜0.05)、带教能力强者(OR=2.399,P＜0.05)、愿意参加师资培训者(OR=11.382,P＜0.05)更愿意参加社区全科带教工作.结论上海市全科医学社区师资主要存在缺乏带教时间、带教经验不足、教学能力欠缺的问题.今后需特别重视对社区师资进行教育理论和技能的培训,提高社区全科医学教学水平.
목적 조사상해시전과의학사구사자적대교정황,분석기영향인소,위금후유효제고사구전과의학교학수평제공의거.방법 채용자행설계적조사문권,대2012년7-10월간삼가상해시모전과사자배훈반적전과사구사자적일반정황、기왕대교공작정황급자아교학능력평고등방면진행조사.결과 742인완성문권,평균년령(37±6)세.49.8％(366/734)적피조사자표시원의대교;종교학중제승자신소질시원의종사대교공작적주요원인58.6％ (419/715).불원대교적주요원인시공작부하대、결핍대교시간(31.8％,378/1 187)화결핍대교경험(30.7％,364/1 187).106명기왕유과사구대교경력적사자중,79.2％(80/101)대교전회선제정대교계화,단부유8.9％(9/102)경상재대교중찬사교안;사구의료공작실제수구(54.2％,56/92)시제정대교계화적수요의거,기차시학생실제정황화수구(29.1％,28/96),재차시교학대강(17.7％,17/96).목전사구교학중존재적문제주요유결핍대교경험(50.5％,50/99)、결핍대교시간(42.4％,42/99)、대교형식단일(24.1％,25/104)화교학대강조작성불강(21.2％,22/104).교학능력적자아평고현시,14.4％적사자불구비제정실시교학계화적능력,18.3％불구비운용다충교학방법적능력,31.2％무법매주안배1.5개공작일삼여교학.logistic회귀분석결과현시,학력고자(OR =2.027,P＜0.05)、유사구대교경력자(OR=3.069,P＜0.05)、개인소질화구통능력강자(OR=2.488,P＜0.05)、대교능력강자(OR=2.399,P＜0.05)、원의삼가사자배훈자(OR=11.382,P＜0.05)경원의삼가사구전과대교공작.결론 상해시전과의학사구사자주요존재결핍대교시간、대교경험불족、교학능력흠결적문제.금후수특별중시대사구사자진행교육이론화기능적배훈,제고사구전과의학교학수평.
Objective To survey the current situation of teaching for general practitioners (GPs) in community health centers of Shanghai.Methods A questionnaire survey on the teaching situation was conducted among 742 GP mentors who attended a municipal training workshop during July to October 2012 in Shanghai.The items of the survey included general background,previous teaching experience and self-evaluation on teaching ability.Results Among 742 GP mentors receiving the survey,the average age was (37 ± 6) years old.49.8％ (366/734) of mentors expressed their willingness of teaching,and the main reason was that it may upgrade themselves,while learning from teaching (58.6％,419/715).Heavy work load,lack of teaching time (31.8％,378/1 187) and teaching experience (30.7％,364/1 187) were the main obstacles for teaching.Among 106 GP mentors who had teaching experience in community health center previously,79.2％ (80/101) made teaching plans,but only 8.9％ (9/102) often prepared syllabus.Teaching plans were made mainly according to the work needs in community health care (54.2％,52/96),the situation and demands students (29.1％,28/96) or requirement of syllabus (17.7％,17/96).The problems included lack of teaching experience (50.5 ％,50/99) and time (42.4％,42/99),monotonous instructional modality (24.1％,25/104),and weak operability of the syllabus (21.2％).The self-reported results showed that 14.4％ were not able to develop a teaching program and to execute,18.3％ were not able to use a variety of teaching methods,31.2％ were not able to engage in teaching for 1.5 days per week.Logistic regression analysis showed that mentors with higher education background (OR =2.027,P ＜ 0.05),community teaching experience (OR =3.069,P ＜ 0.05),higher self assessment of general personal quality and communication ability (OR =2.488,P ＜ 0.05),higher teaching ability (OR =2.399,P ＜ 0.05) and strong training wishes (OR =11.382,P ＜ 0.05) were more willing to engage in the teaching work.Conclusions Heavy work load,insufficiency of teaching capacity and experience are main problems for GP mentors in Shanghai community health centers.Educational theory and methods should be focus on teacher training so as to improve teaching abilities.