林业科学
林業科學
임업과학
SCIENTIA SILVAE SINICAE
2015年
5期
56-67
,共12页
杨树%木质部硬度%韧皮部硬度%胸径%亲本%抗性
楊樹%木質部硬度%韌皮部硬度%胸徑%親本%抗性
양수%목질부경도%인피부경도%흉경%친본%항성
poplar%xylem hardness%phloem hardness%diameter at breast height ( DBH)%biological parent%resistance
【目的】研究不同品系杨树的亲本来源、干部硬度等特性与抗性的关系，为杨树抗杨干象新品系的选育提供参考。【方法】连续2年研究11个亲本来源的67个不同杨树品系2～3年生杨树的被害株率、杨干象虫口密度与杨树木质部硬度、韧皮部硬度、韧皮部厚度、胸径以及各品系杨树亲本来源的关系。【结果】1)杨树木质部硬度达到(45.43±3.59)HD为免疫品系，硬度达到(44.17±2.76)HD为高抗虫品系，抗虫、感虫和高感品系木质部平均硬度分别为(43.6±0.53) HD、(40.39±2.98) HD 和(39.47±2.98) HD；杨树韧皮部硬度达到(33.96±4.72) HD为免疫品系，硬度达到(32.61±2.69)HD为高抗品系，抗虫、感虫和高感品系韧皮部平均硬度分别为(31.13±0.72)HD、(28.08±3.98) HD 和(24.75±3.19) HD。2)胸径达到(33.38±6.08) mm 为免疫品系，胸径达到(36.65±3)mm为高抗虫品系，抗虫、感虫和高感品系平均胸径分别为(41.31±1.56) mm、(43.34±6.8) mm、(48.16±2.52)mm。3)经杨树抗性水平与亲本来源关系综合分析可知，亲本为美洲黑杨×小青杨、美洲黑杨×青杨、美洲黑杨×甜杨的多数品系为抗虫品系，亲本为欧洲黑杨×美洲黑杨、美洲黑杨、美洲黑杨×马氏杨、欧洲黑杨×小叶杨的多数品系为感虫品系。【结论】杨树木质部硬度与韧皮部硬度越大抗杨干象能力越强，木质部硬度与韧皮部硬度越小抗杨干象能力越弱。生长相对较快的品系胸径大，其抗性差。不同品系杨树亲本来源不同其抗杨干象能力也不同。青杨派的小青杨、青杨、甜杨为亲本抗虫性强，黑杨派的美洲黑杨、欧洲黑杨为亲本抗虫性差。在抗杨干象品系育种工作中应选择青杨、小青杨或甜杨做为亲本；避免以美洲黑杨或欧洲黑杨为亲本。
【目的】研究不同品繫楊樹的親本來源、榦部硬度等特性與抗性的關繫，為楊樹抗楊榦象新品繫的選育提供參攷。【方法】連續2年研究11箇親本來源的67箇不同楊樹品繫2～3年生楊樹的被害株率、楊榦象蟲口密度與楊樹木質部硬度、韌皮部硬度、韌皮部厚度、胸徑以及各品繫楊樹親本來源的關繫。【結果】1)楊樹木質部硬度達到(45.43±3.59)HD為免疫品繫，硬度達到(44.17±2.76)HD為高抗蟲品繫，抗蟲、感蟲和高感品繫木質部平均硬度分彆為(43.6±0.53) HD、(40.39±2.98) HD 和(39.47±2.98) HD；楊樹韌皮部硬度達到(33.96±4.72) HD為免疫品繫，硬度達到(32.61±2.69)HD為高抗品繫，抗蟲、感蟲和高感品繫韌皮部平均硬度分彆為(31.13±0.72)HD、(28.08±3.98) HD 和(24.75±3.19) HD。2)胸徑達到(33.38±6.08) mm 為免疫品繫，胸徑達到(36.65±3)mm為高抗蟲品繫，抗蟲、感蟲和高感品繫平均胸徑分彆為(41.31±1.56) mm、(43.34±6.8) mm、(48.16±2.52)mm。3)經楊樹抗性水平與親本來源關繫綜閤分析可知，親本為美洲黑楊×小青楊、美洲黑楊×青楊、美洲黑楊×甜楊的多數品繫為抗蟲品繫，親本為歐洲黑楊×美洲黑楊、美洲黑楊、美洲黑楊×馬氏楊、歐洲黑楊×小葉楊的多數品繫為感蟲品繫。【結論】楊樹木質部硬度與韌皮部硬度越大抗楊榦象能力越彊，木質部硬度與韌皮部硬度越小抗楊榦象能力越弱。生長相對較快的品繫胸徑大，其抗性差。不同品繫楊樹親本來源不同其抗楊榦象能力也不同。青楊派的小青楊、青楊、甜楊為親本抗蟲性彊，黑楊派的美洲黑楊、歐洲黑楊為親本抗蟲性差。在抗楊榦象品繫育種工作中應選擇青楊、小青楊或甜楊做為親本；避免以美洲黑楊或歐洲黑楊為親本。
【목적】연구불동품계양수적친본래원、간부경도등특성여항성적관계，위양수항양간상신품계적선육제공삼고。【방법】련속2년연구11개친본래원적67개불동양수품계2～3년생양수적피해주솔、양간상충구밀도여양수목질부경도、인피부경도、인피부후도、흉경이급각품계양수친본래원적관계。【결과】1)양수목질부경도체도(45.43±3.59)HD위면역품계，경도체도(44.17±2.76)HD위고항충품계，항충、감충화고감품계목질부평균경도분별위(43.6±0.53) HD、(40.39±2.98) HD 화(39.47±2.98) HD；양수인피부경도체도(33.96±4.72) HD위면역품계，경도체도(32.61±2.69)HD위고항품계，항충、감충화고감품계인피부평균경도분별위(31.13±0.72)HD、(28.08±3.98) HD 화(24.75±3.19) HD。2)흉경체도(33.38±6.08) mm 위면역품계，흉경체도(36.65±3)mm위고항충품계，항충、감충화고감품계평균흉경분별위(41.31±1.56) mm、(43.34±6.8) mm、(48.16±2.52)mm。3)경양수항성수평여친본래원관계종합분석가지，친본위미주흑양×소청양、미주흑양×청양、미주흑양×첨양적다수품계위항충품계，친본위구주흑양×미주흑양、미주흑양、미주흑양×마씨양、구주흑양×소협양적다수품계위감충품계。【결론】양수목질부경도여인피부경도월대항양간상능력월강，목질부경도여인피부경도월소항양간상능력월약。생장상대교쾌적품계흉경대，기항성차。불동품계양수친본래원불동기항양간상능력야불동。청양파적소청양、청양、첨양위친본항충성강，흑양파적미주흑양、구주흑양위친본항충성차。재항양간상품계육충공작중응선택청양、소청양혹첨양주위친본；피면이미주흑양혹구주흑양위친본。
Objective]Breeding of resistant poplar strains is a fundamental method for controlling Osier weevil ( Cryptorrhynchus lapathi) . But until now,the researches related to the mechanisms of poplar resist to Osier weevil and the breeding of resistant poplar strains are seldom. To establish a basis for breeding new poplar strains resisting to Osier weevil,a study was carried out to find out the relationship between the resistance level of poplar strains to Osier weevil and the physical properties of their trunks.[Method]The population density of Osier weevil on different poplar strains, percentage of infested poplar strains,as well as the hardness of xylem and phloem,thickness of phloem,diameter at breast height (DBH),the parental origins of 67 different 2-to 3-years-old poplar strains were studied.[Result]1) The strains were immune to Osier weevil when the xylem hardness was over (45. 43 ± 3. 59) HD,and those strains were highly resistant when the xylem hardness reached to (44. 17 ± 2. 76) HD. The average xylem hardness of resistant,susceptible and highly susceptible strains was (43. 6 ± 0. 53) HD,(40. 39 ± 2. 98) HD and (39. 47 ± 2. 98) HD,respectively. If the phloem hardness of a poplar strains is over (33. 96 ± 4. 72) HD,it might be a very higher resistant strains. The strains were immune to Osier weevil when the phloem hardness was over (32. 61 ± 2. 69) HD. The average phloem hardness of resistant,susceptible and highly susceptible strains was (31. 13 ± 0. 72) HD,(28. 08 ± 3. 98) HD and (24. 75 ± 3. 19) HD,respectively. 2) The strains were immune to Osier weevil when the DBH was (33. 38 ± 6. 08) mm, and those strains were highly resistant when the DBH was (36. 65 ± 3) mm. The average DBH of resistant,susceptible and highly susceptible strains were (41. 31 ± 1. 56) mm,(43. 34 ± 6. 8) mm,and (48. 16 ± 2. 52) mm,respectively. 3) Comprehensive analysis on relationship between parental origins and poplar resistance level by a regressive analysis, Most of the P. deltoides × P. pseudo-simonii,P. deltoides × P. cathayana and P. deltoides × P. suaveolens strains were resistance to C. lapathi. Most of the P. nigra × P. deltoides,P. deltoides,P. deltoides × P. maximowiczii and P. nigra × P. simonii strains were susceptible.[Conclusion]The harder the phloem and xylem of poplar strains was,the higher their resistance level to Osier weevil was. By the contrast,the softer the phloem and xylem were,the lower their pest resistance level was. Among those studied strains,when the radial growth of poplar strains was faster,then its DBH would be larger and its resistance ability was lower. Strains from different parental origins showed different pest resistance ability. P. pseudo-simonii,P. cathayana and P. suaveolens strains of Section Tacamahaca were resistant to Osier weevil. P. nigra and P. deltoides of Section Aigeiros strains were susceptible. In the breeding of highly resistant strains to Osier weevil,P. pseudo-simonii,P. cathayana or P. suaveolens could be chosen as parents,and P. deltoides or P. nigra should not be chosen as parents.
