CAJ | 학술논문

【目的】砂寻求最合理的铁尾矿基质改良措施，为铁尾矿土壤改良与植被恢复提供理论依据。【方法】通过铁尾矿砂与无机肥、有机肥和土壤的不同配比处理的盆栽试验，研究不同改良方法对尾矿基质理化性质及油松和樟子松幼苗生长的影响。【结果】随无机肥施肥比例增加，铁尾矿土壤密度、田间持水量、毛管持水量、饱和持水量和总孔隙度与100%尾矿砂处理均无明显差异；随着有机肥施用量增加，田间持水量、毛管持水量、饱和持水量及总孔隙度均明显增大，土壤密度呈下降趋势，其中10%猪粪施肥配比与100%尾矿砂处理差异显著(P ＜0.05)；随着掺土量增加，铁尾矿土壤密度逐渐降低，而田间持水量、毛管持水量、饱和持水量逐渐升高，掺土比例达到75%时，除了田间持水量，其他指标均与100%尾矿砂处理差异达到显著水平(P ＜0.05)，电导率和土壤阳离子交换量、全氮全磷全钾养分含量、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均随施肥与掺土比例的增加而显著增大；10%猪粪施肥配比处理的全氮、全磷含量最大，分别是100%尾矿砂处理的6.38和3.33倍，碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别是100%尾矿砂处理的5.78，12.5和4.32倍；随掺土比例增大，尾矿中全磷含量减小，而掺土后全钾含量显著增高；掺土比例达到25%时，速效养分含量开始明显提升，客土处理达到最大值(78.41，44.43和58.67 mg·kg －1)；施5%比例的有机肥和添加无机肥 NH4NO31.76 g、KH2 PO40.88 g的混合处理的速效养分含量与单纯施5%比例猪粪的单因子处理差异不明显；掺土比例25%和添加无机肥 NH4NO31.76g、KH2PO40.88 g混合处理的速效养分含量也和掺土比例25%的单因子处理无显著差异；掺土和施加无机肥会促进油松和樟子松幼苗的生长，施有机肥则会抑制它们的生长，相同处理情况下，油松较樟子松出苗率高、生长情况好。【结论】有机肥对铁尾矿基质的理化性质、全效养分含量和速效养分含量都有显著的改善作用，掺土处理对提高碱解氮、速效钾含量作用明显，但有机肥与无机肥、掺土与无机肥的混合配比对提升速效养分的效果不明显。不同处理对油松和樟子松的生长也会有不同程度的影响，表现为掺土和施加无机肥促进2树种生长，施加有机肥抑制2树种生长；在相同的处理情况下，油松比樟子松的生长要好，更适合作为铁尾矿废弃地修复树种。【目的】砂尋求最閤理的鐵尾礦基質改良措施，為鐵尾礦土壤改良與植被恢複提供理論依據。【方法】通過鐵尾礦砂與無機肥、有機肥和土壤的不同配比處理的盆栽試驗，研究不同改良方法對尾礦基質理化性質及油鬆和樟子鬆幼苗生長的影響。【結果】隨無機肥施肥比例增加，鐵尾礦土壤密度、田間持水量、毛管持水量、飽和持水量和總孔隙度與100%尾礦砂處理均無明顯差異；隨著有機肥施用量增加，田間持水量、毛管持水量、飽和持水量及總孔隙度均明顯增大，土壤密度呈下降趨勢，其中10%豬糞施肥配比與100%尾礦砂處理差異顯著(P ＜0.05)；隨著摻土量增加，鐵尾礦土壤密度逐漸降低，而田間持水量、毛管持水量、飽和持水量逐漸升高，摻土比例達到75%時，除瞭田間持水量，其他指標均與100%尾礦砂處理差異達到顯著水平(P ＜0.05)，電導率和土壤暘離子交換量、全氮全燐全鉀養分含量、堿解氮、速效燐和速效鉀含量均隨施肥與摻土比例的增加而顯著增大；10%豬糞施肥配比處理的全氮、全燐含量最大，分彆是100%尾礦砂處理的6.38和3.33倍，堿解氮、速效燐和速效鉀含量分彆是100%尾礦砂處理的5.78，12.5和4.32倍；隨摻土比例增大，尾礦中全燐含量減小，而摻土後全鉀含量顯著增高；摻土比例達到25%時，速效養分含量開始明顯提升，客土處理達到最大值(78.41，44.43和58.67 mg·kg －1)；施5%比例的有機肥和添加無機肥 NH4NO31.76 g、KH2 PO40.88 g的混閤處理的速效養分含量與單純施5%比例豬糞的單因子處理差異不明顯；摻土比例25%和添加無機肥 NH4NO31.76g、KH2PO40.88 g混閤處理的速效養分含量也和摻土比例25%的單因子處理無顯著差異；摻土和施加無機肥會促進油鬆和樟子鬆幼苗的生長，施有機肥則會抑製它們的生長，相同處理情況下，油鬆較樟子鬆齣苗率高、生長情況好。【結論】有機肥對鐵尾礦基質的理化性質、全效養分含量和速效養分含量都有顯著的改善作用，摻土處理對提高堿解氮、速效鉀含量作用明顯，但有機肥與無機肥、摻土與無機肥的混閤配比對提升速效養分的效果不明顯。不同處理對油鬆和樟子鬆的生長也會有不同程度的影響，錶現為摻土和施加無機肥促進2樹種生長，施加有機肥抑製2樹種生長；在相同的處理情況下，油鬆比樟子鬆的生長要好，更適閤作為鐵尾礦廢棄地脩複樹種。
【목적】사심구최합리적철미광기질개량조시，위철미광토양개량여식피회복제공이론의거。【방법】통과철미광사여무궤비、유궤비화토양적불동배비처리적분재시험，연구불동개량방법대미광기질이화성질급유송화장자송유묘생장적영향。【결과】수무궤비시비비례증가，철미광토양밀도、전간지수량、모관지수량、포화지수량화총공극도여100%미광사처리균무명현차이；수착유궤비시용량증가，전간지수량、모관지수량、포화지수량급총공극도균명현증대，토양밀도정하강추세，기중10%저분시비배비여100%미광사처리차이현저(P ＜0.05)；수착참토량증가，철미광토양밀도축점강저，이전간지수량、모관지수량、포화지수량축점승고，참토비례체도75%시，제료전간지수량，기타지표균여100%미광사처리차이체도현저수평(P ＜0.05)，전도솔화토양양리자교환량、전담전린전갑양분함량、감해담、속효린화속효갑함량균수시비여참토비례적증가이현저증대；10%저분시비배비처리적전담、전린함량최대，분별시100%미광사처리적6.38화3.33배，감해담、속효린화속효갑함량분별시100%미광사처리적5.78，12.5화4.32배；수참토비례증대，미광중전린함량감소，이참토후전갑함량현저증고；참토비례체도25%시，속효양분함량개시명현제승，객토처리체도최대치(78.41，44.43화58.67 mg·kg －1)；시5%비례적유궤비화첨가무궤비 NH4NO31.76 g、KH2 PO40.88 g적혼합처리적속효양분함량여단순시5%비례저분적단인자처리차이불명현；참토비례25%화첨가무궤비 NH4NO31.76g、KH2PO40.88 g혼합처리적속효양분함량야화참토비례25%적단인자처리무현저차이；참토화시가무궤비회촉진유송화장자송유묘적생장，시유궤비칙회억제타문적생장，상동처리정황하，유송교장자송출묘솔고、생장정황호。【결론】유궤비대철미광기질적이화성질、전효양분함량화속효양분함량도유현저적개선작용，참토처리대제고감해담、속효갑함량작용명현，단유궤비여무궤비、참토여무궤비적혼합배비대제승속효양분적효과불명현。불동처리대유송화장자송적생장야회유불동정도적영향，표현위참토화시가무궤비촉진2수충생장，시가유궤비억제2수충생장；재상동적처리정황하，유송비장자송적생장요호，경괄합작위철미광폐기지수복수충。
Objective]The aim of this study was to find the most reasonable improvement measures for iron tailings to improve its suitability for growing Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica,in order to provide a theoretical basis for soil improvement and vegetation restoration for iron tailing. [Method]Application of inorganic fertilizer,organic fertilizer ( pig manure) and addition of soil were taken as measures for improving substrate of the iron tailing,pot experiment with treatments of application of different proportions of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer,and addition of soil to the iron tailings was established to study the influences of different improvement methods on physicochemical properties of the iron tailings and the growth of seedlings of P. tabulaeformis and P. sylvestris var. mongolica.[Result]With increase of the proportion of inorganic fertilizer,the soil density,field water-holding capacity,capillary water-holding capacity,saturation water-holding capacity and total porosity were not significantly different from those of 100% tailing used as the control. With increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer,the field water-holding capacity,capillary water-holding capacity,saturation water-holding capacity and total porosity showed a trend of obvious increase,soil density showed a trend of decrease,but significant difference (P<0. 05) was found between the treatment of application of 10% proportion of pig manure and the treatment of 100% tailing. With the increase of soil proportion,the soil density was decreased gradually,while the field water-holding capacity,capillary water-holding capacity and saturation water-holding capacity increased gradually. All the parameters (except the field water-holding capacity) reached the significant level (P <0. 05) of difference between the treatments and the 100% tailing when the proportion of soil addition reached 75%. All of the electrical conductivity,soil cation exchange capacity and the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium increased significantly with the increase of the proportion of application of fertilizers and soil. The application of 10% pig manure had the largest content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus,6. 38 and 3. 33 times respectively of those of the 100% tailing,and the contents of available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were 5. 78,12. 5,and 4. 32 times respectively of those of the 100% tailing. The content of total phosphorus decreased as the increase of the proportion of soil addition,and the total potassium content in the treatment of soil addition was significantly higher than that in the tailing. The content of available nutrients became obviously improved when the proportion of soil addition reached 25%,reaching the maximum values (78.41,44.43,and 58.67 mg·kg -1). There was no significant difference in the contents of available nutrients between the treatment of application of 5% proportion of organic fertilizer together with inorganic fertilizers of 1. 76 g NH4 NO3 and 0. 88 g KH2 PO4 and the treatment of application of 5%proportion of pig manure. Similarly,the contents of available nutrients of the treatment of 25% proportion of soil addition together with application of inorganic fertilizers of 1. 76 g NH4 NO3 and 0. 88 g KH2 PO4 were not significantly different from the treatment of only 25% proportion of soil addition. The growth of P. tabulaeformis and P. sylvestris var. mongolica was promoted by the addition of soil and application of inorganic fertilizers,however application of organic fertilizer could inhibit the growth. Under the same condition,the growth and the survival rate of P. tabulaeformis were better than that of P. sylvestris var. mongolica[Conclusion]In summary,application of organic fertilizer can significantly improve the physical properties,contents of total nutrients and available nutrients of the iron tailings,and addition of soil had significant influence on contents of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium,but application of organic and inorganic fertilizers together,and addition of soil and applications of inorganic fertilizer together did not significantly improve the content of available nutrients. There were different effects of different treatments on the growth of P. tabulaeformis and P. sylvestris var. mongolica,addition of soil and application of inorganic fertilizers could promote the growth,but application of organic fertilizers could inhibit the growth; under the same condition,P. tabulaeformis was better than P. sylvestris var. mongolica in growth,more suitable for restoration of wasteland of iron tailings.