CAJ | 학술논문

温室环境控制领域所研究的大多数智能控制算法复杂程度较高，不适宜实际生产应用，生产型温室大多采用设置静态工作点模式进行简单的环境控制，这种模式无法根据环境变化进行自动调整，浪费了大量的能量。针对这一问题，提出了基于温度积分算法的温室环境控制方法，根作物种类和生长阶段确定期望平均温度值，将全天24 h均分为长度更短的若干时间片，然后利用温度积分原理对每一时间片的温度调节点进行计算，根据得到的温度调节点结合当前实际温度进行环境控制。仿真试验表明，在保持温室内实际平均温度相同的情况下，利用温度积分算法对温室进行环境调节所消耗的能量为静态工作点的模式的64.43%。该方法计算量相对较小，适用于普通的温室环境控制器，能够简单有效地实现节能控制。
온실배경공제영역소연구적대다수지능공제산법복잡정도교고，불괄의실제생산응용，생산형온실대다채용설치정태공작점모식진행간단적배경공제，저충모식무법근거배경변화진행자동조정，낭비료대량적능량。침대저일문제，제출료기우온도적분산법적온실배경공제방법，근작물충류화생장계단학정기망평균온도치，장전천24 h균분위장도경단적약간시간편，연후이용온도적분원리대매일시간편적온도조절점진행계산，근거득도적온도조절점결합당전실제온도진행배경공제。방진시험표명，재보지온실내실제평균온도상동적정황하，이용온도적분산법대온실진행배경조절소소모적능량위정태공작점적모식적64.43%。해방법계산량상대교소，괄용우보통적온실배경공제기，능구간단유효지실현절능공제。
In recent years, horticulture industry has been rapidly developed in China. The total area of cultivation is about 3.79 million hm2 by the end of 2012, but the climate control methods in actual greenhouse production are still relatively simple. Although many of the advanced intelligent control algorithms have been studied, however, there are two problems of these intelligent algorithms: the first one is the intelligent algorithms depend on the model of the greenhouse at the time of the operation. The control effect is better, only if the greenhouse model is accurate, but the greenhouse is a multivariable complex system with high coupling, so it is difficult to obtain accurate models. In addition, there are many different types of greenhouse in China, and each greenhouse structure may not be exactly the same, so it is inconsistent with the theoretical model. The second problem of intelligent algorithms is a large number of calculations are performed; the requirement is high for greenhouse controller’s processing capability and computing capability. The typical method for the climate control is to configure the static set point in actual greenhouse production, and the energy will be wasted because the static set point can not be automatically adjusted according to the external environment. In order to solve this problem, the greenhouse climate control method based on temperature integration was studied. When using this method, the first thing was to determine the expected average temperature, the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature in a certain period of time according to the type and growth stage of crop. Secondly, the actual average temperature of the current date would be calculated by the expected average temperature and the actual average temperature of previous day. Thirdly, the days were divided intoN equal time intervals, and the length of each interval wasint. The temperature set point of current time intervaln would be calculated according to the actual average temperature and actual average temperature of previousndays, and the temperature set point contained 2 values: heating set point and cooling set point. Then the actual temperature of the time intervaln and the temperature set point were compared. It would be heated if the actual temperature was lower than the heating set point, and the cooling would be operated if the actual temperature was higher than the cooling set point, otherwise no operation would be performed. Two comparative experiments were designed to verify this method using greenhouse simulation software, one experiment used the static set point to control the greenhouse temperature and the other experiment controlled it by temperature integration algorithm. In the greenhouse simulation program, a heater was for heating with the efficiency of 400 W/m2, a ventilation window for cooling, and the samples were collected once every 10 min which collected information such as time, internal temperature, humidity, heater working state and ventilation working state and a total of ten-day system simulation. The static set point temperature range was 16-25℃, the actual average temperature in greenhouse was 18.62℃ at the end of the simulation, and all of heating energy consumption was 167.39 GJ. The same temperature 18.62℃ was set as the expected temperature by the temperature integration algorithm for the control of greenhouse temperature. For the sake of obtaining the most solar radiation energy and reduce the heating energy, the maximum temperature was set to 30℃, the minimum temperature was 10℃ and the integral time was 2 days. The actual average temperature in the greenhouse was 20.21℃ and the total energy consumption for heating was 164.08 GJ by the temperature integration algorithm, and 98% of energy was used but the temperature of greenhouse was improved by 1.09 times through this method. The advantage of this method was proved by the more experiments in which the expected average temperatures were set to 17, 16 and 15℃, the actual average temperature in the greenhouse were corresponding to 19.67, 19.14 and 18.61℃ and the consumption of heater were 143.46, 126.07 and 107.85 GJ respectively. It can be seen by the results that the temperature integration algorithm has used only 64.43% of the energy but is able to achieve the same effect compared with the static set point method. Furthermore, the algorithm is simple and less calculation compared with the intelligent algorithms. Therefore, it can be used in common greenhouse controller and it has obvious energy-saving effect, but the greenhouse owners do not have to increase investment.