CAJ | 학술논문

为实现农业废弃物的资源化利用，该文以稻壳为原料、K2CO3为活化剂制备稻壳基活性炭。采用Plackett-Burman （P-B）和中心复合设计（central composite design，CCD）法对影响稻壳基活性炭得率和碘吸附性能的5个工艺因素进行筛选和优化，确定样品得率和碘吸附值的预测模型，并进行验证。结果表明，所建立的稻壳基活性炭得率和碘吸附值回归方程的决定系数R2分别为0.90和0.85，影响样品得率的主要因素为：活化温度＞活化时间＞K2CO3浓度，影响样品碘吸附值的主要因素为：活化温度＞K2CO3浓度＞活化时间，浸渍体积比和浸渍时间影响不显著；经CCD法建立的稻壳基活性炭得率和碘吸附值的预测模型极显著（P＜0.0001，P＜0.01），决定系数R2可达0.92和0.90，活化温度和活化时间之间存在较强的交互作用。优化后的工艺条件为：活化温度1029.17 K、K2CO3浓度1.95 moL/L、活化时间1.17 h、浸渍体积比3，浸渍时间11 h，其得率和碘吸附值的预测值分别为13.61%、1058.83 mg/g，与实测值（14.53%、1021.30mg/g）的误差仅为6.33%、3.67%，拟合性良好，说明运用CCD法对稻壳基活性炭制备工艺的优化是准确可靠的。该结果可为K2CO3活化法制备稻壳基活性炭的工业化生产提供一定的参考。
위실현농업폐기물적자원화이용，해문이도각위원료、K2CO3위활화제제비도각기활성탄。채용Plackett-Burman （P-B）화중심복합설계（central composite design，CCD）법대영향도각기활성탄득솔화전흡부성능적5개공예인소진행사선화우화，학정양품득솔화전흡부치적예측모형，병진행험증。결과표명，소건립적도각기활성탄득솔화전흡부치회귀방정적결정계수R2분별위0.90화0.85，영향양품득솔적주요인소위：활화온도＞활화시간＞K2CO3농도，영향양품전흡부치적주요인소위：활화온도＞K2CO3농도＞활화시간，침지체적비화침지시간영향불현저；경CCD법건립적도각기활성탄득솔화전흡부치적예측모형겁현저（P＜0.0001，P＜0.01），결정계수R2가체0.92화0.90，활화온도화활화시간지간존재교강적교호작용。우화후적공예조건위：활화온도1029.17 K、K2CO3농도1.95 moL/L、활화시간1.17 h、침지체적비3，침지시간11 h，기득솔화전흡부치적예측치분별위13.61%、1058.83 mg/g，여실측치（14.53%、1021.30mg/g）적오차부위6.33%、3.67%，의합성량호，설명운용CCD법대도각기활성탄제비공예적우화시준학가고적。해결과가위K2CO3활화법제비도각기활성탄적공업화생산제공일정적삼고。
The purpose of the present study was to realize the resource utilization of agricultural byproduct. In this paper, we used rice husk as materials for producing activated carbon. Five factors which affected the yield and iodine absorption performance of rice husk-based activated carbon were sifted and optimized by Plackett-Burman (P-B) and Central Composite Design (CCD). Based on those, the prediction models of yield and iodine adsorption rate were determined and validated. The measurement of iodine absorption rate was based on the method of the GB/T 12,496.1-12,496.22-1999. The results showed that the determination coefficients (R2) of regression equations which established for the yield and iodine adsorption rate of activated carbon samples were 0.90 and 0.85, respectively. The first main factor which influenced the yield of activated carbon was activation temperature followed by activation time and concentration of K2CO3. For the iodine adsorption rate of activated carbon, activation temperature still played an important role in the preparation process, and the next were the concentration of K2CO3 and activation time. The impregnation volume ratio and impregnation time had little influence on the performance of rice husk-based activated carbon. The prediction models which were established by the CCD had a highly significant correlation (P<0.0001) and the determination coefficients (R2) reached 0.92 and 0.90, respectively. There was a strong interaction between the activation temperature and activation time. The response surface analysis indicated that when the activation time was at the center value of 0.92 h and the concentration of K2CO3remained a constant, the iodine adsorption rate increased with the rise of activation temperature. It can be well illustrated that high activation temperature can promote the chemical reaction. However, the iodine adsorption rate decreased with the extension of activation time when the concentration of K2CO3 was at the center value of 1.5 mol/L and activation temperature remained a constant. This was because that long activation time made the micropore of samples sintered, thus it affected the adsorption performance of rice husk-based activated carbon. With the increased concentration of K2CO3, the iodine adsorption rate showed a gradually increasing trend when the activation temperature was at the center value of 1098 K and activation time remained a constant. It was the reason that more active agent can increase the contact area, which accelerated the reaction distinctively. The optimal conditions were that the rice husk was infused in the K2CO3 solution with concentration and impregnation volume ratio (K2CO3/rice husk) of 1.95 mol/L and 3, respectively after impregnating for 11 h, they were heated for 1.17 h at 1173 K. The prediction value of yield and iodine adsorption rate were 13.61%, 1058.83 mg/g, and the adequacy of the model equation for predicting the optimum response values was verified effectively by the experiment, and the experimental values (14.53%, 1021.30 mg/g) agreed with the predicted values of the model equation with 6.33%, 3.67% deviation, respectively. Our results indicated that optimizing the preparation of rice husk-based activated carbon by using CCD was reliable. This study can provide an important reference for the preparation of activated carbons from rice husk in the industrial production.