CAJ | 학술논문

为研究崩岗崩积体坡面产流特征及土体水分分布特征，采用人工模拟降雨方法，在广东五华县莲塘岗崩岗选择7个不同部位的崩积体，进行28场人工模拟降雨，测定降雨过程中坡面产流时间及水分分布。结果表明：1）坡面产流时间与降雨强度呈负指数幂函数关系；2）老崩积体坡面产流时间与10 cm深处土体初始含水率呈负对数函数关系，其他深度土体初始含水率，以及新崩积体各土层初始含水率与坡面产流时间关系不密切；3）根据土体初始含水率和降雨强度，可以应用三维曲面模型预测崩积体坡面产流所需时间；4）当降雨强度≥3.5 mm/min时，崩积体坡面产流时间与坡度呈现出负相关关系，即随着坡度增大，产流时间变短；5）崩积体坡面产流后，新、老崩积体10 cm深处土体含水率差异明显，新崩积体土体含水率在20%以下，老崩积体土体含水率在20%以上；6）无论是降雨结束时还是降雨后24 h的水分再分布，新崩积体的湿润锋深度均大于老崩积体，表明在降雨作用下新崩积体的失稳深度大于老崩积体的失稳深度。该研究为崩岗崩积体侵蚀预测和防治提供参考。
위연구붕강붕적체파면산류특정급토체수분분포특정，채용인공모의강우방법，재엄동오화현련당강붕강선택7개불동부위적붕적체，진행28장인공모의강우，측정강우과정중파면산류시간급수분분포。결과표명：1）파면산류시간여강우강도정부지수멱함수관계；2）로붕적체파면산류시간여10 cm심처토체초시함수솔정부대수함수관계，기타심도토체초시함수솔，이급신붕적체각토층초시함수솔여파면산류시간관계불밀절；3）근거토체초시함수솔화강우강도，가이응용삼유곡면모형예측붕적체파면산류소수시간；4）당강우강도≥3.5 mm/min시，붕적체파면산류시간여파도정현출부상관관계，즉수착파도증대，산류시간변단；5）붕적체파면산류후，신、로붕적체10 cm심처토체함수솔차이명현，신붕적체토체함수솔재20%이하，로붕적체토체함수솔재20%이상；6）무론시강우결속시환시강우후24 h적수분재분포，신붕적체적습윤봉심도균대우로붕적체，표명재강우작용하신붕적체적실은심도대우로붕적체적실은심도。해연구위붕강붕적체침식예측화방치제공삼고。
Slope runoff of colluviums is the premise for gully runoff erosion, and is the main mode of the sheet-flow erosion in Benggang basin. Studies on characteristics of slope runoff and sediment transportation mechanism in Benggang basin are important for understanding Benggang erosion process and for erosion prevention and control. In this study, an artificial rainfall simulation experiment was carried out in field to investigate the slope runoff process and soil moisture distribution in Benggang basin. Liantanggang Benggang in Wuhua County of Guangdong Province was taken as the study area. In this area, 7 different colluvial deposits were selected including old and new deposits. The 7 deposits had slope of 4o-48o. The old deposits were developed for more than 5 years with dark color and the new deposits were less than 5 years with pale red color. In general, the structure was more stable in the old deposits than the new deposits. These 7 deposits were used for observations of runoff time under the artificial rainfall simulation. A portable rainfall simulator was used with rainfall duration from 0.6 to 60 min and rainfall amount from 2.4 to 60 mm. A total of 28 simulated rainfall experiments were preformed in the field, and the runoff time as well as soil moisture were observed and measured. The results showed that: 1) A negative power function could describe the relationship between the rainfall intensity and slope runoff (P<0.01), and the runoff time decreased rapidly with the increase of rainfall intensity; 2) A negative logarithmic function could reveal the relationship between runoff time and initial soil water content in depth of 10 cm for the old colluviums; 3) Based on the initial soil water content and rainfall intensity, the 3D surface model may be used to estimate the runoff time of the colluviums; 4) When the rainfall intensity reached 3.5 mm/min or above, the runoff time showed a linearly negative correlation with the slope of the colluviums, and the runoff time became shorter with increasing slopes. 5) After runoff of the colluviums, soil moisture was obviously different between the old and new deposits at the depth of 10 cm, and the soil moisture was over 20% in the old colluviums, and less 20% in the new colluviums; and 6) In the end of precipitation and after 24 h of rainfall, the wetting depth of the new colluviums were higher than that of the old colluviums, indicating that the instable depth of the new colluviums is larger than that of the old colluviums when rainfall occurs. The results provide rich information for understanding slope runoff process and method for erosion forecast in Benggang basin.