农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2015年
11期
144-149
,共6页
漆栋良%胡田田%吴雪%牛晓丽
漆棟良%鬍田田%吳雪%牛曉麗
칠동량%호전전%오설%우효려
灌溉%作物%肥料%施氮方式%根系生长分布%产量%玉米
灌溉%作物%肥料%施氮方式%根繫生長分佈%產量%玉米
관개%작물%비료%시담방식%근계생장분포%산량%옥미
irrigation%crops%fertilizer%nitrogen supply method%root growth and distribution%yield%maize
为研究不同灌水方式和施氮方式对玉米根系生长分布的影响,2011年在大田条件下采用垄植沟灌技术,设交替灌水、固定灌水、均匀灌水和交替施氮、固定施氮、均匀施氮2因素3水平的随机完全组合试验方案。分抽雄期、灌浆期和成熟期对0~100 cm土层监测植株正下方、植株正南侧和植株正北侧的根系生长状况。结果表明,灌水方式对各位置根长及根系总量影响均达显著水平,施氮方式只对植株南侧根长和根系总干质量影响显著,二者的交互作用只对植株北侧根长和总根长影响显著。交替灌水均匀施氮在监测时期内维持了较大总根长,并使得灌浆期植株不同位置根长、总根量(总根干质量除外)均较大,并最终获得较大的产量(11524 kg/hm2)。而固定灌水固定施氮总根长最小,产量最低。各处理下0~40 cm土层根长所占整个土层根长比例均较高,该比值以交替灌水均匀施氮最大。对比发现,根系生长分布对灌水方式更加敏感,通过不同灌水与施氮调控玉米根系生长分布应集中在0~40 cm土层,交替灌水均匀施氮最有利于根系的生长和产量的提高,为垄植沟灌下较好的灌水施氮方式。该研究为通过不同灌水施氮方式调控作物根系生长并获得高产提供了一定理论依据。
為研究不同灌水方式和施氮方式對玉米根繫生長分佈的影響,2011年在大田條件下採用壟植溝灌技術,設交替灌水、固定灌水、均勻灌水和交替施氮、固定施氮、均勻施氮2因素3水平的隨機完全組閤試驗方案。分抽雄期、灌漿期和成熟期對0~100 cm土層鑑測植株正下方、植株正南側和植株正北側的根繫生長狀況。結果錶明,灌水方式對各位置根長及根繫總量影響均達顯著水平,施氮方式隻對植株南側根長和根繫總榦質量影響顯著,二者的交互作用隻對植株北側根長和總根長影響顯著。交替灌水均勻施氮在鑑測時期內維持瞭較大總根長,併使得灌漿期植株不同位置根長、總根量(總根榦質量除外)均較大,併最終穫得較大的產量(11524 kg/hm2)。而固定灌水固定施氮總根長最小,產量最低。各處理下0~40 cm土層根長所佔整箇土層根長比例均較高,該比值以交替灌水均勻施氮最大。對比髮現,根繫生長分佈對灌水方式更加敏感,通過不同灌水與施氮調控玉米根繫生長分佈應集中在0~40 cm土層,交替灌水均勻施氮最有利于根繫的生長和產量的提高,為壟植溝灌下較好的灌水施氮方式。該研究為通過不同灌水施氮方式調控作物根繫生長併穫得高產提供瞭一定理論依據。
위연구불동관수방식화시담방식대옥미근계생장분포적영향,2011년재대전조건하채용롱식구관기술,설교체관수、고정관수、균균관수화교체시담、고정시담、균균시담2인소3수평적수궤완전조합시험방안。분추웅기、관장기화성숙기대0~100 cm토층감측식주정하방、식주정남측화식주정북측적근계생장상황。결과표명,관수방식대각위치근장급근계총량영향균체현저수평,시담방식지대식주남측근장화근계총간질량영향현저,이자적교호작용지대식주북측근장화총근장영향현저。교체관수균균시담재감측시기내유지료교대총근장,병사득관장기식주불동위치근장、총근량(총근간질량제외)균교대,병최종획득교대적산량(11524 kg/hm2)。이고정관수고정시담총근장최소,산량최저。각처리하0~40 cm토층근장소점정개토층근장비례균교고,해비치이교체관수균균시담최대。대비발현,근계생장분포대관수방식경가민감,통과불동관수여시담조공옥미근계생장분포응집중재0~40 cm토층,교체관수균균시담최유리우근계적생장화산량적제고,위롱식구관하교호적관수시담방식。해연구위통과불동관수시담방식조공작물근계생장병획득고산제공료일정이론의거。
Ridge-furrow irrigation is wildly used in crop production. Few studies focus on the interaction effect of furrow irrigation methods and nitrogen supply method on crops, especially for root distribution. In this study, the coupling effects of different furrow irrigation and nitrogen supply methods on growth and distribution of root and yield for maize were investigated. Ridge-furrow irrigation was conducted in field in 2011 with spring maize of Jinsui4. Three furrow irrigation and N-fertilizer supply methods were designed including alternate, fixed and conventional furrow irrigation, and alternate, fixed and conventional nitrogen supply. Each treatment was replicated three times and the plot was layout by complete randomized design. The root length and weight beneath the plant canopy, south and north of the plant in the soil layers of 0-100 cm were measured at the growth stages of tasseling, filling and maturity with sampling at 20 cm as an interval. Grain yield was also measured at the harvest. The results showed that only root length and the total dry weight of the plant in the south were significantly influenced by nitrogen supply methods. The total root length and root length of the plant in north was influenced by the interaction of irrigation and nitrogen supply methods. The total root length of plants under the alternate furrow irrigation was kept larger in the growth period. Meanwhile, under the alternative furrow irrigation and conventional N-supply, the root length of the plant in north, south and beneath the canopy in the soil layer of 0-100 cm, as well as total root length and total root surface area at the filling stage were larger, thereby resulted in highest yield of 11 524 kg/ hm2. In contrast, total root length as well as yield of fixed furrow irrigation with fixed nitrogen supply was smallest. The root length under the plant in the soil layer of 0-100 cm of the alternate furrow irrigation with alternate nitrogen supply was as large as the alternate furrow irrigation with conventional nitrogen supply. The root length ratio in the soil layer of 0-40 cm to 0-100 cm was larger under different treatments and the largest one was found in the treatment of alternate furrow irrigation combined with conventional nitrogen supply. The results suggested that root growth and distribution are more susceptible to irrigation methods. Regulation for root growth and distribution of maize through different irrigation and nitrogen supply methods should be mainly in the soil layer of 0-40 cm. Yield and root growth of maize can improved by alternate furrow irrigation with conventional nitrogen supply but inhibited by fixed furrow irrigation with fixed nitrogen supply. Alternate furrow irrigation with alternate nitrogen supply is only inferior to alternate furrow irrigation with conventional nitrogen supply in improving the yield and root growth of maize, but superior to the other treatments. Thus, alternate furrow irrigation combined with conventional nitrogen supply is considered an optimum coupling pattern of irrigation and nitrogen supply method under the ridge-furrow irrigation.