农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2015年
11期
123-128
,共6页
李平%齐学斌%Magzum Nurolla%黄仲冬%梁志杰%乔冬梅
李平%齊學斌%Magzum Nurolla%黃仲鼕%樑誌傑%喬鼕梅
리평%제학빈%Magzum Nurolla%황중동%량지걸%교동매
土壤%降雨%地下水%渠井结合灌区%渠井用水比%水化学特征
土壤%降雨%地下水%渠井結閤灌區%渠井用水比%水化學特徵
토양%강우%지하수%거정결합관구%거정용수비%수화학특정
soils%precipitation%groundwater%combined well-canal irrigation area%ratio of canal to well%hydrochemical characteristics
渠井结合灌区适宜渠井用水比例关系灌区地下水环境和区域农业可持续发展。该文以人民胜利渠灌区为例，集合了灌区1954－2014年农业用水量及降水量、研究区域2008－2014年渠井用水比、地下水埋深、地下水水化学特征数据，分析了降雨量、地下水动态特征与渠井用水比例的相关性，以期探明渠井结合灌区渠井用水比对降雨的响应及其对土壤和地下水环境的影响。结果表明，典型渠井结合灌区渠井用水比与年降水量呈线性正相关；渠系上游地下水水位变化较下游更为剧烈，在用水水平、用水方式一致条件下，渠井用水比例越大，地下水埋深超过11 m区域增幅越小，较大的渠井用水比例对于上游地下水位下降减缓效果明显；平水期、枯水期，由于渠井用水比例不合理，地下水无序开采且超采严重，区域地下水碱化趋势明显；受气候变化影响，近5 a渠灌水量仅为多年均值的75.52%，未来区域降水量具有减小趋势，这势必进一步加剧农业水资源紧缺的形式。为了满足农业的正常生产，增加灌区地下水开采成为唯一解决途径，这势必加剧地下水的碱化趋势及地下水超采区的扩大。因此，确定灌区适宜的渠井用水比例对于灌区水资源的科学利用与农业的可持续发展具有重要意义。
渠井結閤灌區適宜渠井用水比例關繫灌區地下水環境和區域農業可持續髮展。該文以人民勝利渠灌區為例，集閤瞭灌區1954－2014年農業用水量及降水量、研究區域2008－2014年渠井用水比、地下水埋深、地下水水化學特徵數據，分析瞭降雨量、地下水動態特徵與渠井用水比例的相關性，以期探明渠井結閤灌區渠井用水比對降雨的響應及其對土壤和地下水環境的影響。結果錶明，典型渠井結閤灌區渠井用水比與年降水量呈線性正相關；渠繫上遊地下水水位變化較下遊更為劇烈，在用水水平、用水方式一緻條件下，渠井用水比例越大，地下水埋深超過11 m區域增幅越小，較大的渠井用水比例對于上遊地下水位下降減緩效果明顯；平水期、枯水期，由于渠井用水比例不閤理，地下水無序開採且超採嚴重，區域地下水堿化趨勢明顯；受氣候變化影響，近5 a渠灌水量僅為多年均值的75.52%，未來區域降水量具有減小趨勢，這勢必進一步加劇農業水資源緊缺的形式。為瞭滿足農業的正常生產，增加灌區地下水開採成為唯一解決途徑，這勢必加劇地下水的堿化趨勢及地下水超採區的擴大。因此，確定灌區適宜的渠井用水比例對于灌區水資源的科學利用與農業的可持續髮展具有重要意義。
거정결합관구괄의거정용수비례관계관구지하수배경화구역농업가지속발전。해문이인민성리거관구위례，집합료관구1954－2014년농업용수량급강수량、연구구역2008－2014년거정용수비、지하수매심、지하수수화학특정수거，분석료강우량、지하수동태특정여거정용수비례적상관성，이기탐명거정결합관구거정용수비대강우적향응급기대토양화지하수배경적영향。결과표명，전형거정결합관구거정용수비여년강수량정선성정상관；거계상유지하수수위변화교하유경위극렬，재용수수평、용수방식일치조건하，거정용수비례월대，지하수매심초과11 m구역증폭월소，교대적거정용수비례대우상유지하수위하강감완효과명현；평수기、고수기，유우거정용수비례불합리，지하수무서개채차초채엄중，구역지하수감화추세명현；수기후변화영향，근5 a거관수량부위다년균치적75.52%，미래구역강수량구유감소추세，저세필진일보가극농업수자원긴결적형식。위료만족농업적정상생산，증가관구지하수개채성위유일해결도경，저세필가극지하수적감화추세급지하수초채구적확대。인차，학정관구괄의적거정용수비례대우관구수자원적과학이용여농업적가지속발전구유중요의의。
The suitable ratio of canal to well in the combined well-canal irrigation area can contribute to safety of groundwater environment and sustainable regional agriculture production. In order to investigate the influence of canal-to-well ratio on regional soil salinity accumulation, dynamics of groundwater depth, and groundwater hydrochemical characteristics in combined well-canal irrigation area, this study was carried out in a typical area in the People’s Victory Canal area in China. The agriculture water consumption and precipitation in the People’s Victory Canal area from 1954 to 2014 were collected, and the canal-to-well ratio, dynamics of groundwater depth and hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater from 2008 to 2014 in the research area were analyzed. The relationships between precipitation, groundwater depth, groundwater hydrochemical characteristics and the canal-to-well ratio were explored. The results indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between canal-to-well ratio and annual precipitation in research area (P<0.05). The variation coefficient of groundwater depth in the upstream of branch canals was higher than that of downstream of branch canals. Accumulated variation in soil electrical conductivity at 0-100 cm depth of 2nd branch canal was less than that of 1st branch canal and 3rd branch canal by 4.77% and 5.55%, respectively. Compared with the year of 2013, the area of groundwater depth greater than 11 m in 1st branch canal, 2nd branch canal and 3rd branch canal during the wintering period of winter wheat in 2014 was increased by 31.78%, 25.07% and 40.81%, respectively. When the water consumption amount and method were same, the high canal-to-well ratio can result in a small increase of area with groundwater depth beyond 11 m, indicating that the high canal-to-well ratio can alleviate the deterioration of groundwater depth. Alkaline trend of groundwater during dry and normal seasons in the research area was obvious owing to unrestrained groundwater exploitation. Affected by climate change, the reduction of precipitation in the combined well-canal irrigation area was obvious. Meanwhile, average irrigation amount by canal in the past 5 years was 2.90×108 cm3, accounting for 75.52% of mean annual irrigation amount. On the other hand, ground water overdraft in the research area would be remained in order to ensure agricultural sustainable production, which would be bound to aggravate alkaline trend of groundwater and expand the range of deep groundwater zone. It could be concluded that the suitable ratio of canal to wells decreased the groundwater exploitation and alleviated the alkaline trend of groundwater environment, moreover, maintained the reasonable groundwater depth.
