CAJ | 학술논문

通过利用室外冷源空气协同空调进行植物工厂降温,以仅使用空调降温的植物工厂为对照,同时结合零浓度差 CO2施肥方法使植物工厂内外 CO2浓度保持一致,调查引进室外冷源空气对植物工厂内空气温度、饱和水汽压差、CO2浓度、降温设备的节能率、性能系数(COP,coefficient of performance)及奶油生菜产量和光合色素含量的影响。结果表明：(1)引进室外冷源空气的降温方法可以将试验植物工厂内温度控制在目标范围：明期23~27℃、暗期18~22℃,外界温度越低,温度变化幅度越大；同时段试验植物工厂内的空气饱和水汽压差(明期1.3~2.7kPa,暗期1.2~1.9kPa)高于对照(明期0.3~1.3kPa,暗期0.3~0.5kPa)；配合零浓度差 CO2施肥法基本能将明期大部分时段的 CO2浓度控制在与外界浓度相同范围内(400~500μmol.mol －1)。(2)试验期间,与仅使用空调的降温方法相比,引进室外冷源空气的方法能使植物工厂总耗电量节省10.8％,其中试验植物工厂降温系统比对照节省了66.2％的耗电量。(3)在外界温度－4~5℃以及显热比0.4~0.9的条件下,引进室外冷源空气的风机性能系数为19.3~28.9,高于空调降温的 COP 值(试验植物工厂为5.3~14.7,对照植物工厂为5.8~14.9)。(4)引进室外冷源空气的降温方法未对生菜产量和光合色素含量造成显著影响。因此,采用引进室外冷源空气的控制方法不仅可以节省植物工厂的降温耗电量,还能提高降温设备的性能系数,取得显著的节能效果。
통과이용실외랭원공기협동공조진행식물공엄강온,이부사용공조강온적식물공엄위대조,동시결합령농도차 CO2시비방법사식물공엄내외 CO2농도보지일치,조사인진실외랭원공기대식물공엄내공기온도、포화수기압차、CO2농도、강온설비적절능솔、성능계수(COP,coefficient of performance)급내유생채산량화광합색소함량적영향。결과표명：(1)인진실외랭원공기적강온방법가이장시험식물공엄내온도공제재목표범위：명기23~27℃、암기18~22℃,외계온도월저,온도변화폭도월대；동시단시험식물공엄내적공기포화수기압차(명기1.3~2.7kPa,암기1.2~1.9kPa)고우대조(명기0.3~1.3kPa,암기0.3~0.5kPa)；배합령농도차 CO2시비법기본능장명기대부분시단적 CO2농도공제재여외계농도상동범위내(400~500μmol.mol －1)。(2)시험기간,여부사용공조적강온방법상비,인진실외랭원공기적방법능사식물공엄총모전량절성10.8％,기중시험식물공엄강온계통비대조절성료66.2％적모전량。(3)재외계온도－4~5℃이급현열비0.4~0.9적조건하,인진실외랭원공기적풍궤성능계수위19.3~28.9,고우공조강온적 COP 치(시험식물공엄위5.3~14.7,대조식물공엄위5.8~14.9)。(4)인진실외랭원공기적강온방법미대생채산량화광합색소함량조성현저영향。인차,채용인진실외랭원공기적공제방법불부가이절성식물공엄적강온모전량,환능제고강온설비적성능계수,취득현저적절능효과。
The commercial use of the plant factory(PF)with artificial light is limited because of its high operation cost. Thus,in order to reduce electric￣energy consumption for cooling and the operation cost,two PFs were used in this study,in the experimental PF,a coupling control method by introducing outside cold air with fan together with air conditioner( AC) was employed for cooling, while in the control PF, only AC was used. Null CO2 concentration difference method to maintain inside CO2 concentration at the same level as that of atmosphere was used in both PFs. The effects of introducing outside cold air on the air temperature,vapor pressure deficit( VPD),CO2 concentration, electric￣energy consumption, coefficient of performance ( COP) of AC and fan, yield and content of photosynthetic pigments of lettuce were investigated. The results showed that:(1)inside air temperature could be maintained at the suitable range(light period:23 - 27℃,dark period:18 - 22℃)for lettuce growth by introducing outside cold air. VPD in the experimental PF(light period:1. 3 - 2. 7kPa,dark period:1. 2 - 1. 9kPa)was higher than that in the control PF (light period:0. 3 ~ 1. 3kPa,dark period:0. 3 - 0. 5kPa). Null CO2 concentration difference method could maintain the inside CO2 concentration as the same level as that of atmosphere. (2)The total electric￣energy consumption was around 10. 8% lower in the experimental PF than that in the control PF. (3)When the outside air temperature ranged from - 4 to 5℃,the sensible heat factor ranged from 0. 4 to 0. 9,COP of the fan of 19. 3 - 28. 9 was higher than that of the ACs (5. 3 - 14. 7 in the experimental PF;5. 8 - 14. 9 in the control PF). (4)There were no significant differences on the yield and content of photosynthetic pigments of lettuce in two PFs. The results indicate that PF cooling by introducing outside cold air can be considered as an efficient method for reducing its electric￣energy consumption.