深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）
深圳大學學報（人文社會科學版）
심수대학학보（인문사회과학판）
JOURNAL OF SHENZHEN UNIVERSITY (HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES)
2015年
3期
116-122
,共7页
行政垄断%经济自由%过度竞争%弱技术创新%寻租
行政壟斷%經濟自由%過度競爭%弱技術創新%尋租
행정롱단%경제자유%과도경쟁%약기술창신%심조
administrative monopoly%economic freedom%excessive competition%weak technological innovation%rent-seeking
经济垄断并不必然限制和排斥竞争，相反，在某种情况下，经济垄断还可能促进竞争的进一步扩展，并将竞争引向高级化。然而在行政垄断与市场竞争之间，找不到经济垄断与市场竞争这样的合题，行政垄断必将导致资源配置的低效率。规制经济学视角下，行政垄断根源于利益集团按自身利益最大化原则的博弈；制度经济学视角下，行政垄断根源于中国国有产权渐进变迁的路径依赖和交易成本的合理化安排。行政垄断与经济垄断一样，两者均会造成净剩余和“X-低效率”的一般损失，除此之外，在实践中，行政垄断还会造成相对于经济垄断的额外损失，包括妨碍经济自由、引致过度竞争、并发弱技术创新以及催生寻租等。降低或破除行政垄断，需要实现从行政主导到市场主导、从政企职能合一到分离、从行政垄断豁免到破除、从政治体制守旧到创新的转变。
經濟壟斷併不必然限製和排斥競爭，相反，在某種情況下，經濟壟斷還可能促進競爭的進一步擴展，併將競爭引嚮高級化。然而在行政壟斷與市場競爭之間，找不到經濟壟斷與市場競爭這樣的閤題，行政壟斷必將導緻資源配置的低效率。規製經濟學視角下，行政壟斷根源于利益集糰按自身利益最大化原則的博弈；製度經濟學視角下，行政壟斷根源于中國國有產權漸進變遷的路徑依賴和交易成本的閤理化安排。行政壟斷與經濟壟斷一樣，兩者均會造成淨剩餘和“X-低效率”的一般損失，除此之外，在實踐中，行政壟斷還會造成相對于經濟壟斷的額外損失，包括妨礙經濟自由、引緻過度競爭、併髮弱技術創新以及催生尋租等。降低或破除行政壟斷，需要實現從行政主導到市場主導、從政企職能閤一到分離、從行政壟斷豁免到破除、從政治體製守舊到創新的轉變。
경제롱단병불필연한제화배척경쟁，상반，재모충정황하，경제롱단환가능촉진경쟁적진일보확전，병장경쟁인향고급화。연이재행정롱단여시장경쟁지간，조불도경제롱단여시장경쟁저양적합제，행정롱단필장도치자원배치적저효솔。규제경제학시각하，행정롱단근원우이익집단안자신이익최대화원칙적박혁；제도경제학시각하，행정롱단근원우중국국유산권점진변천적로경의뢰화교역성본적합이화안배。행정롱단여경제롱단일양，량자균회조성정잉여화“X-저효솔”적일반손실，제차지외，재실천중，행정롱단환회조성상대우경제롱단적액외손실，포괄방애경제자유、인치과도경쟁、병발약기술창신이급최생심조등。강저혹파제행정롱단，수요실현종행정주도도시장주도、종정기직능합일도분리、종행정롱단활면도파제、종정치체제수구도창신적전변。
Economic monopoly does not necessarily restrict or exclude competition. On the contrary, in some cases, economic monopoly may promote economic competition and take it to a higher level. However, it is impossible to find a symbiosis of economic monopoly and market competition between administrative monopoly and market competition. Administrative monopoly only leads to low-efficient resource configuration. From the perspective of regulation economics, the root of administrative monopoly lies in that interest groups always seek to maximize their interest. From the perspective of institutional economics, administrative monopoly has its root in path dependence of the gradual transition of China's state-owned property and the streamlined arrangement of transaction costs. Like economic monopoly, administrative monopoly also causes the general loss of net surplus and"X-low efficiency". In addition, in practice, in comparison with economic monopoly, administrative monopoly causes extra losses, including obstruction of economic freedom, excessive competition, weak technological innovation and rent-seeking, etc.. To reduce or break monopoly, we need to change from administration-oriented governance to market-oriented governance, separate enterprises from the government in terms of functions, break administrative monopoly rather than grant exemption to it, and realize the transformation from political conservatism to political innovation.
