CAJ | 학술논문

随着航空、航天、核电、海洋装备、汽车制造行业的蓬勃发展，特别是国家空天深海战略的实施，高腐蚀、高交变载荷等复杂服役环境对零件的可靠性和使用寿命的要求日趋严格。机械加工表面完整性作为零件性能指标的评价标准，得到越来越多的重视。残余应力作为表面完整性的重要参数之一，与零件疲劳寿命和使用性能密切相关，因此有必要对机械加工过程中残余应力的生成机理进行研究。主要介绍了机械加工表面残余应力的定义及其对材料性能的影响，对中子衍射法和X射线衍射法检测残余应力的优缺点进行了比较，从实验方法、解析方法以及有限元方法3个方面对机械加工过程中残余应力的生成机理进行了总结，分析了切削参数、刀具几何、材料性质对残余应力生成的影响，总结了残余应力与疲劳寿命之间的作用关系。最后，探讨了机械加工表面残余应力生成机理以及疲劳寿命评价研究过程中存在的问题。
수착항공、항천、핵전、해양장비、기차제조행업적봉발발전，특별시국가공천심해전략적실시，고부식、고교변재하등복잡복역배경대령건적가고성화사용수명적요구일추엄격。궤계가공표면완정성작위령건성능지표적평개표준，득도월래월다적중시。잔여응력작위표면완정성적중요삼수지일，여령건피로수명화사용성능밀절상관，인차유필요대궤계가공과정중잔여응력적생성궤리진행연구。주요개소료궤계가공표면잔여응력적정의급기대재료성능적영향，대중자연사법화X사선연사법검측잔여응력적우결점진행료비교，종실험방법、해석방법이급유한원방법3개방면대궤계가공과정중잔여응력적생성궤리진행료총결，분석료절삭삼수、도구궤하、재료성질대잔여응력생성적영향，총결료잔여응력여피로수명지간적작용관계。최후，탐토료궤계가공표면잔여응력생성궤리이급피로수명평개연구과정중존재적문제。
ABSTRACT:With the rapid development of aerospace engineering, nuclear power industry, marine engineering equipment and motor industry, especially the implementation of the national aerospace and marine strategy, the requirements are stricter on the re-liability and service life of components in the complex service environment such as high corrosion and high alternating load. As an important evaluation criterion of component performance, surface integrity in machining has drawn more and more attention. Surface residual stress, as a major parameter of surface integrity, is closely related to fatigue life and functional performance of manufac-tured components. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the formation mechanism of surface residual stress in machining. This paper introduced the definition of residual stress and its effects on material performance, compared the advantages and disadvanta-ges of the neutron diffraction method and the X-ray diffraction method for residual stress determination, summarized the formation mechanism of surface residual stress in machining by experimental, predictive and FEM methods, analyzed effects of cutting param-eters, tool geometry and material property on surface residual stress. The interrelationship between residual stress and fatigue life was summarized. Finally, the problems were explored in the formation mechanism of surface residual stress in machining and fa-tigue life evaluation.