CAJ | 학술논문

目的：：分析我国18个少数民族学生1985年至2010年成年身高生长长期变化的特点、规律和趋势。方法：利用1985、1995、2000、2005和2010年全国学生体质调查资料,对蒙古族、回族、维吾尔族、壮族、朝鲜族、藏族、苗族、布依族、侗族、白族、土家族、哈尼族、傣族、傈僳族、佤族、纳西族、土族和羌族18个少数民族17岁学生身高进行了分析。结果：我国大部分少数民族男生的成年身高有很大幅度提高,2010年18个少数民族17岁男生平均身高均超过162 cm,回族、蒙古族、朝鲜族17岁男生平均身高均超过170 cm；身高每10年增速超过2 cm的民族分别是回族(2.64 cm/10年)和侗族男生(2.05 cm/10年),身高每10年增速超过1 cm的民族有朝鲜族(1.99 cm/10年)、藏族(1.90 cm/10年)、哈尼族(1.80 cm/10年)等12个少数民族。2010年,所调查的18个少数民族17岁女生平均身高均超过150 cm,有15个少数民族女生的成年身高出现不同程度的增长,身高每10年增速超过1 cm的民族分别是回族(1.56 cm/10年)和朝鲜族女生(1.29 cm/10年),身高增长幅度具有显著性的民族有回族(3.89 cm)、朝鲜族(3.23 cm)、侗族(2.35 cm)等9个少数民族(P<0.05)。结论：我国大部分少数民族学生出现了较为明显的生长长期趋势,但各民族男、女生成年身高增长幅度存在明显不平衡,要给予生长长期趋势增长缓慢的少数民族更高的关注度。同时,对成年身高增长较为迅速的少数民族亦要注意其生长长期趋势所带来的负面效应。
목적：：분석아국18개소수민족학생1985년지2010년성년신고생장장기변화적특점、규률화추세。방법：이용1985、1995、2000、2005화2010년전국학생체질조사자료,대몽고족、회족、유오이족、장족、조선족、장족、묘족、포의족、동족、백족、토가족、합니족、태족、률속족、와족、납서족、토족화강족18개소수민족17세학생신고진행료분석。결과：아국대부분소수민족남생적성년신고유흔대폭도제고,2010년18개소수민족17세남생평균신고균초과162 cm,회족、몽고족、조선족17세남생평균신고균초과170 cm；신고매10년증속초과2 cm적민족분별시회족(2.64 cm/10년)화동족남생(2.05 cm/10년),신고매10년증속초과1 cm적민족유조선족(1.99 cm/10년)、장족(1.90 cm/10년)、합니족(1.80 cm/10년)등12개소수민족。2010년,소조사적18개소수민족17세녀생평균신고균초과150 cm,유15개소수민족녀생적성년신고출현불동정도적증장,신고매10년증속초과1 cm적민족분별시회족(1.56 cm/10년)화조선족녀생(1.29 cm/10년),신고증장폭도구유현저성적민족유회족(3.89 cm)、조선족(3.23 cm)、동족(2.35 cm)등9개소수민족(P<0.05)。결론：아국대부분소수민족학생출현료교위명현적생장장기추세,단각민족남、녀생성년신고증장폭도존재명현불평형,요급여생장장기추세증장완만적소수민족경고적관주도。동시,대성년신고증장교위신속적소수민족역요주의기생장장기추세소대래적부면효응。
Objective:To analyze the secular trends of height among Chinese students aged 17 in dif-ferent ethnic minorities from 1985 to 2010. Methods:A total of 18 Chinese ethnic minorities’ students, including Mongolian, Hui, Uygur, Zhuang, Korean, Tibetan, Miao, Buyi, Dong, Bai, Tujia, Hani, Dai, Lisu, Wa, Nakhi, Tu and Qiang as subjects were sampled from the 1985, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010 Chinese National Surveys on Students’ Constitution and Health. The heights of 17 years old people by gender in various ethnic minorities were analyzed and compared. Results:From 1985 to 2010, the in-crements of adult heights increased significantly in many ethnic minorities’ boys. In 2010, the average height of boys aged 17 years in each minority group was higher than 162 cm and was higher than 170 cm among boys from Hui, Mongolian and Korean groups. The ethnics with height growth rates of more than 2 cm per decade in boys were Hui (2. 64 cm/decade) and Dong (2. 05 cm/decade) and the ethnics with height growth rates of more than 1 cm per decade were Korean (1. 99 cm/decade), Tibetan (1. 90 cm/decade), Hani (1. 80 cm/decade) and the other 9 minority groups. The average height of girls aged 17 years in each minority group was higher than 150 cm in 2010 . The heights showed an upward trend in 15 minority groups, but with different degrees. The ethnics with height growth rates of more than 1 cm per decade were Hui (1. 56 cm/decade) and Korean (1. 29 cm/decade). The increments that were signifi-cant between 1985 and 2010 were Hui (3. 89 cm), Korean (3. 23 cm), Dong (2. 35cm) and the other 6 minority groups ( P<0 . 05 ) . Conclusion: Our data suggest that the increments of adult heights may reflect the secular growth change in the major minority groups during the past 25 years, but there was an obvious disequilibrium among various ethnic minorities. We should pay more attention to the minority groups with poor growth and give them more help. Meanwhile, we should also pay attention to the nega-tive effects of the secular growth trend on those minority groups with fast increasing adult height.