CAJ | 학술논문

目的：：了解北京市不同大气污染程度地区学龄儿童呼吸系统健康状况的差异。方法：在北京市选取污染程度较重的城区A区和较轻的郊区B区作为研究地点,按照整群抽样的方法,分别选取A区的4所小学和B区的3所小学1~4年级学生为研究对象,采用国际标准化问卷对儿童呼吸系统疾病及症状的流行情况进行调查。结果：与污染程度较轻的B区相比,A区儿童的咳嗽(62.2% vs.59.9%)、持续性咳嗽(6.3% vs.3.1%)、咳痰(42.4% vs.37.4%)、持续性咳痰(3.6% vs.2.4%)、喘鸣(13.3% vs.9.9%)和哮喘(9.5% vs.5.4%)等症状的发生率均较高,且经统计学检验,除咳嗽、感冒时咳嗽、不感冒时咳嗽外,儿童呼吸系统其他疾病及症状发生率在两区之间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。运用Logistic回归模型控制混杂因素后,A区儿童持续性咳嗽、不感冒时咳痰、哮喘发生的危险性仍高于B区的儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：污染程度较重的地区儿童呼吸系统疾病及症状发生率高于污染程度较轻的地区,提示大气污染与学龄儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状发生情况有关。
목적：：료해북경시불동대기오염정도지구학령인동호흡계통건강상황적차이。방법：재북경시선취오염정도교중적성구A구화교경적교구B구작위연구지점,안조정군추양적방법,분별선취A구적4소소학화B구적3소소학1~4년급학생위연구대상,채용국제표준화문권대인동호흡계통질병급증상적류행정황진행조사。결과：여오염정도교경적B구상비,A구인동적해수(62.2% vs.59.9%)、지속성해수(6.3% vs.3.1%)、해담(42.4% vs.37.4%)、지속성해담(3.6% vs.2.4%)、천명(13.3% vs.9.9%)화효천(9.5% vs.5.4%)등증상적발생솔균교고,차경통계학검험,제해수、감모시해수、불감모시해수외,인동호흡계통기타질병급증상발생솔재량구지간적차이균유통계학의의(P<0.05)。운용Logistic회귀모형공제혼잡인소후,A구인동지속성해수、불감모시해담、효천발생적위험성잉고우B구적인동,차이유통계학의의(P<0.05)。결론：오염정도교중적지구인동호흡계통질병급증상발생솔고우오염정도교경적지구,제시대기오염여학령인동호흡계통질병화증상발생정황유관。
Objective:To compare the differences of children’ s health in different area, and to confirm if the prevalence of respiratory diseases and symptoms among children are closely associated with the air pollution. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban area A and a suburban area B with different levels of air pollution in Beijing. Using a cluster sampling method, we recruited 4 564 chil-dren from 3 primary schools in urban A and 4 primary schools in suburban B. Respiratory symptoms were investigated using an international standardized questionnaire including characteristics of children, living conditions, respiratory diseases and symptoms and situation of parents. The concentrations of air pollu-tants for recent five years were obtained from Reports on the Quality of the Beijing Environment. SPSS 16. 0 was used to analyze data. Results: The prevalence of cough, persistent cough, phlegm, persistent phlegm, wheeze and asthma in A area were higher than those in B area[(62. 2% vs. 59. 9%), (6. 3%vs. 3. 1%), (42. 4% vs. 37. 4%),(3. 6% vs. 2. 4%),(13. 3% vs. 9. 9%) and(9. 5% vs. 5. 4%)]. Except for cough, cough with cold, cough without cold, the prevalence of respiratory diseases and symp-toms in A area were significantly higher than those in B area ( P <0 . 05 ) . Logistic regression analysis showed the prevalence of persistent cough, phlegm without cold, asthma in A area were significantly higher than those in B area ( P<0 . 05 ) . Conclusion:Respiratory diseases and symptoms among school-age children were closely associated with the level of air pollution.