单眼深度知觉对调节反应的影响
단안심도지각대조절반응적영향
Effect of monocular depth perception on accommodative response
  • 万方数据
    中华实验眼科杂志 중화실험안과잡지
    CHINESE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
    2015年 6期 519-524 ,共6页

    陈茹茹%吕帆%王瑞珺%保金华%乐融融

    진여여%려범%왕서군%보금화%악융융

    眼调节/生理%线索%人%空间深度知觉/生理%心理物理学%视觉识别模式/生理 眼調節/生理%線索%人%空間深度知覺/生理%心理物理學%視覺識彆模式/生理
    안조절/생리%선색%인%공간심도지각/생리%심리물이학%시각식별모식/생리
    Accommodation,ocular/physiology%Cues%Humans%Depth perception/physiology%Psychophysics%Pattern recognition,visual/physiology
    背景 平面画面中有多种视觉线索构成深度或距离感知信息,但目前尚不清楚究竟是哪些深度线索对人眼的调节起主要作用,以及注视距离的不同是否使这种影响存在差异. 目的 研究不同距离的单眼空间深度感知对人眼调节反应的影响,分析线性透视和大小知觉恒常性深度线索对调节反应水平及波动幅度所起的作用. 方法 运用FLASH软件设计4组视标,视标1为静止环形图案;视标2包含大小知觉恒常性深度线索,动态表现从远至近或从近至远的环形图案;视标3包含线性透视和大小知觉恒常性2种深度线索,动态表现从远至近及从近至远的连续变化的车行轨迹;视标4去除线性透视深度线索,仅表现视标3中车的大小的动态变化.纳入26名22～ 26岁的受试者,球镜度数平均为(-4.06±1.99)D,柱镜度数平均为(-0.38±0.41)D,在矫正视力下单眼分别注视50 cm和33.3 cm的视标,采用Grand Seiko WAM-5500近红外开放视野自动验光仪,以5次/s的调节反应记录方式,全程记录受试者在注视变化过程中的调节反应及调节微波动. 结果 在50 cm的注视距离下,由大小知觉恒常性和线性透视共同作用时(注视视标3),由近处的距离感知引起的调节反应值为(1.52±0.46)D,远处为(1.37±0.46)D,两者间差异有统计学意义(P=0.016);由大小知觉恒常性独立作用时(注视视标4),大车的调节反应值为(1.43±0.35)D,小车为(1.43 ±0.36)D,差异无统计学意义(P=0.467).在33.3 cm的注视距离下,由大小知觉恒常性和线性透视共同作用时(注视视表3),由近处的距离感知引起的调节反应均值为(2.40±0.53)D,远处为(2.35±0.51)D,差异无统计学意义(P=0.379);由大小知觉恒常性独立作用时(注视视标4),大车的调节反应均值为(2.38±0.48)D,小车为(2.39±0.52)D,差异无统计学意义(P=0.820).只有线性透视深度线索(注视视标3)参与的由远近距离的心理感知所引起的总调节微波动曲线呈现明显的周期性波动. 结论 单眼的空间深度知觉在一定距离可以影响调节反应.构成空间知觉的深度线索中,线性透视提供了高层次的深度知觉,对调节反应水平及波动幅度起主要作用,而大小知觉恒常性依赖于线性透视等其他深度线索的辅助,其本身对调节反应水平及波动幅度的作用微小,甚至起反向作用.
    배경 평면화면중유다충시각선색구성심도혹거리감지신식,단목전상불청초구경시나사심도선색대인안적조절기주요작용,이급주시거리적불동시부사저충영향존재차이. 목적 연구불동거리적단안공간심도감지대인안조절반응적영향,분석선성투시화대소지각항상성심도선색대조절반응수평급파동폭도소기적작용. 방법 운용FLASH연건설계4조시표,시표1위정지배형도안;시표2포함대소지각항상성심도선색,동태표현종원지근혹종근지원적배형도안;시표3포함선성투시화대소지각항상성2충심도선색,동태표현종원지근급종근지원적련속변화적차행궤적;시표4거제선성투시심도선색,부표현시표3중차적대소적동태변화.납입26명22～ 26세적수시자,구경도수평균위(-4.06±1.99)D,주경도수평균위(-0.38±0.41)D,재교정시력하단안분별주시50 cm화33.3 cm적시표,채용Grand Seiko WAM-5500근홍외개방시야자동험광의,이5차/s적조절반응기록방식,전정기록수시자재주시변화과정중적조절반응급조절미파동. 결과 재50 cm적주시거리하,유대소지각항상성화선성투시공동작용시(주시시표3),유근처적거리감지인기적조절반응치위(1.52±0.46)D,원처위(1.37±0.46)D,량자간차이유통계학의의(P=0.016);유대소지각항상성독립작용시(주시시표4),대차적조절반응치위(1.43±0.35)D,소차위(1.43 ±0.36)D,차이무통계학의의(P=0.467).재33.3 cm적주시거리하,유대소지각항상성화선성투시공동작용시(주시시표3),유근처적거리감지인기적조절반응균치위(2.40±0.53)D,원처위(2.35±0.51)D,차이무통계학의의(P=0.379);유대소지각항상성독립작용시(주시시표4),대차적조절반응균치위(2.38±0.48)D,소차위(2.39±0.52)D,차이무통계학의의(P=0.820).지유선성투시심도선색(주시시표3)삼여적유원근거리적심리감지소인기적총조절미파동곡선정현명현적주기성파동. 결론 단안적공간심도지각재일정거리가이영향조절반응.구성공간지각적심도선색중,선성투시제공료고층차적심도지각,대조절반응수평급파동폭도기주요작용,이대소지각항상성의뢰우선성투시등기타심도선색적보조,기본신대조절반응수평급파동폭도적작용미소,심지기반향작용.
    Background Different depthes or distances are prompted with many visual cues on the flat screen.Which kind of depth cues plays a major role in the accommodation of human eyes,in addition,whether this effect exists in the different distance are still below understood.Objective This study was to research the effect of the monocular space depth perception on accommodative response at different distances,and to analyze the effect of linear perspective and size-constancy perceptual depth cues on the level and amplitude of accommodative fluctation.Methods Four groups of visual targets were designed by FLASH software and placed at the front of eyes with the distance of 50 cm or 33.3 cm,representing static change from far to near and dynamic change from far to near,from near to far respectively.Twenty-six healthy volunteers aged 22-26 years were included in this study,with the spherical power of (-4.06± 1.99) D and cylindrical power of (-0.38±0.41) D under the informed consent.The accommodative response and accommodative fluctuations during monocularly watching the targets were recorded at 5 times/second by Grand Seiko WAM 5500 automatic infrared refractor.This study was approved by Ethic Committee of Wenzhou Medical University,and written informed consent was obtained from each subject before entering the study group.Results At the distance of 50 cm,the accommodative response caused by the depth perception of near was (1.52±0.46) D,the one of distance was (1.37±0.46) D,with a significant difference of 0.15 D under the combined effect of linear perspective and size-constancy (P =0.016).The accommodative response caused by the depth perception of big car was (1.43 ± 0.35) D,and the one of small car was (1.43 ± 0.36) D,without statistically significant difference under the effect of size-constancy alone (P =0.467).At the distance of 33.3 cm,the accommodative response caused by the depth perception of near was (2.40±0.53)D,and the one of distance was (2.35 ±0.51) D,without significant difference under the combined effect of linear perspective and size-constancy (P=0.379).The accommodative response caused by the depth perception of big car was (2.38±0.48)D,the one of small car was (2.39±0.52)D,without statistically significant difference under the effect of size-constancy alone (P =0.820).In addition,the total curve of accommodative microfluctuation showed apparent fluctuation periodically caused by the distance perception involving linear perspective only.Conclusions Monocular space depth perception has some impacts on the accommodative response at certain distance.Linear perspective,which is one of the depth cues of space perception,plays a major role in the accommodative response.Compared with the size-constancy,linear perspective can provide depth perception at higher level.The size-constancy has a little or contrast impact to the accommodation,because it depends on the assistance from other depth cues like linear perspective.
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