热带病与寄生虫学
熱帶病與寄生蟲學
열대병여기생충학
TROPICAL DISEASES AND PARASITOLOGY
2015年
2期
79-81,115
,共4页
血吸虫病%钉螺分布%铜陵市
血吸蟲病%釘螺分佈%銅陵市
혈흡충병%정라분포%동릉시
Schistosomiasis%Oncomelania snail distribution%Tongling city
目的：分析铜陵市2007~2013年不同流行类型和流行程度钉螺分布特点及变化规律，为采取因地制宜、分类指导的防治策略与措施提供依据。方法采取回顾性调查方法，收集2007~2013年螺点卡报表和血吸虫病防治工作报表资料，分析不同年份钉螺面积、感染性钉螺面积和钉螺感染率的变化趋势，比较流行类型和程度不同的地区上述指标的年间变化。结果2007~2013年间实有钉螺面积和感染性钉螺面积分别减少了332.28hm2和29.68hm2，分别下降了10.69%和100%，江洲湖滩地区实有钉螺面积占历史有螺面积的百分比为39.64%~51.93%，山丘地区实有钉螺面积占历史有螺面积的百分比为2.95%~3.51%。2007~2013年钉螺感染率由0.148%下降到0，下降了100%（χ2=27.82，P<0.01）。7年间江洲湖滩地区新查出钉螺面积0hm2，山丘地区新查出钉螺面积6hm2（占100%），江洲湖滩、山丘型期间实有钉螺面积的构成比分别为97.66%~97.92%、2.08%~2.34%。结论铜陵市钉螺面积和感染性钉螺面积总体呈下降趋势，应进一步加大传染源控制策略为主的综合治理力度，同时根据湖沼型和山丘型地区钉螺和感染性钉螺分布的不同特点，制定一环境一策，并将各项措施落到实处，逐步消灭钉螺孳生的环境，有效遏制血吸虫病的流行。
目的：分析銅陵市2007~2013年不同流行類型和流行程度釘螺分佈特點及變化規律，為採取因地製宜、分類指導的防治策略與措施提供依據。方法採取迴顧性調查方法，收集2007~2013年螺點卡報錶和血吸蟲病防治工作報錶資料，分析不同年份釘螺麵積、感染性釘螺麵積和釘螺感染率的變化趨勢，比較流行類型和程度不同的地區上述指標的年間變化。結果2007~2013年間實有釘螺麵積和感染性釘螺麵積分彆減少瞭332.28hm2和29.68hm2，分彆下降瞭10.69%和100%，江洲湖灘地區實有釘螺麵積佔歷史有螺麵積的百分比為39.64%~51.93%，山丘地區實有釘螺麵積佔歷史有螺麵積的百分比為2.95%~3.51%。2007~2013年釘螺感染率由0.148%下降到0，下降瞭100%（χ2=27.82，P<0.01）。7年間江洲湖灘地區新查齣釘螺麵積0hm2，山丘地區新查齣釘螺麵積6hm2（佔100%），江洲湖灘、山丘型期間實有釘螺麵積的構成比分彆為97.66%~97.92%、2.08%~2.34%。結論銅陵市釘螺麵積和感染性釘螺麵積總體呈下降趨勢，應進一步加大傳染源控製策略為主的綜閤治理力度，同時根據湖沼型和山丘型地區釘螺和感染性釘螺分佈的不同特點，製定一環境一策，併將各項措施落到實處，逐步消滅釘螺孳生的環境，有效遏製血吸蟲病的流行。
목적：분석동릉시2007~2013년불동류행류형화류행정도정라분포특점급변화규률，위채취인지제의、분류지도적방치책략여조시제공의거。방법채취회고성조사방법，수집2007~2013년라점잡보표화혈흡충병방치공작보표자료，분석불동년빈정라면적、감염성정라면적화정라감염솔적변화추세，비교류행류형화정도불동적지구상술지표적년간변화。결과2007~2013년간실유정라면적화감염성정라면적분별감소료332.28hm2화29.68hm2，분별하강료10.69%화100%，강주호탄지구실유정라면적점역사유라면적적백분비위39.64%~51.93%，산구지구실유정라면적점역사유라면적적백분비위2.95%~3.51%。2007~2013년정라감염솔유0.148%하강도0，하강료100%（χ2=27.82，P<0.01）。7년간강주호탄지구신사출정라면적0hm2，산구지구신사출정라면적6hm2（점100%），강주호탄、산구형기간실유정라면적적구성비분별위97.66%~97.92%、2.08%~2.34%。결론동릉시정라면적화감염성정라면적총체정하강추세，응진일보가대전염원공제책략위주적종합치리력도，동시근거호소형화산구형지구정라화감염성정라분포적불동특점，제정일배경일책，병장각항조시락도실처，축보소멸정라자생적배경，유효알제혈흡충병적류행。
Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics, infection degree and endemic patterns of Oncomelania hupensis in Tongling area from 2007 to 2013 in order to provide evidence for planning the guidelines and strategies with control schistosomiasis to the local conditions. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on the data collected from the snail habitat records and work reports on schistosomiasis preven?tion and control during 2007 and 2013. Data analysis was associated with the change trend of areas of snail pres?ence, infected areas with the Oncomelania hupensis and its infection rate in different years, as well as comparison of the data, including the endemic patterns and infection degree between years. Results From 2007 to 2013, solid area of snail appearance and snail infected area were decreased by 332.28hm2 and 29.68hm2, with decrease rate of 10.69% and 100%, respectively. Currently, the real area of snail occurrence at marshlands of the river and lake were 39.64%to 51.93%out of the total infected areas in history, and current area for snail appearance was 2.95%to 3.51%out of the hilly areas historically infected. Snail infection rate was reduced from 0.148%to 0%, and the reduction rate was 100%(χ2=27.82, P<0.01). In 7 years, the areas for newly-discovered snail hab?itats in marshlands of river and lake as well as hilly areas were 0hm2 and 6hm2 (accounted for 100%). Constitu?ent ratio of the actual areas for snail occurrence at marshlands of river and lake and hilly areas were 97.66%~97.92%and 2.08%~2.34%, respectively. Conclusion Areas for the snail appearance and areas infected with On?comelania hupensis tend to overall decreased in Tongling. The coming control considerations for snail prevalence shall be focused on comprehensive management. Importantly, these measures should target at the distribution nature of Oncomelania hupensis at the marshlands of rivers and lakes as well as hilly areas in order to gradually ex?terminate the snail habitats and effectively contain the prevalence of schistosomiasis.
