干旱地区农业研究
榦旱地區農業研究
간한지구농업연구
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE ARID AREAS
2015年
3期
171-176
,共6页
罗珠珠%蔡立群%李玲玲%牛伊宁%张仁陟%谢军红
囉珠珠%蔡立群%李玲玲%牛伊寧%張仁陟%謝軍紅
라주주%채립군%리령령%우이저%장인척%사군홍
免耕%秸秆覆盖%地膜覆盖%土壤养分%产量%黄土高原
免耕%秸稈覆蓋%地膜覆蓋%土壤養分%產量%黃土高原
면경%갈간복개%지막복개%토양양분%산량%황토고원
no till%stubble retention%plastic film mulching%soil nutrients%grain yields%Loess Plateau
通过长期定位试验，研究了黄土高原西部旱农区传统耕作措施（T）和5种保护性耕作措施免耕＋秸秆覆盖（NTS ）、免耕（NT ）、传统耕作＋秸秆还田（TS ）、传统耕作＋地膜覆盖（TP ）和免耕＋地膜覆盖（NTP ）对土壤有机质、速效养分以及作物产量的影响。结果表明，经过6a不同耕作措施后，各处理土壤有机C、NO3－N以及速效P含量均有所提高，其中有机C含量比试验初期提高了4．92％～18．05％，NO3－N含量提高了17．98％～31．08％，速效P含量提高143．04％～212．87％。各处理土壤速效钾含量均有所下降，其中以NTS和TS降幅较小，仅为2．75％和6．26％。6 a间小麦和豌豆平均产量均以NTS最高（分别为2030 kg · hm－2和1381 kg · hm－2），而NT最低（1608 kg·hm－2和1060 kg·hm－2）。传统耕作秸秆还田能促进土壤耕层肥力的提高，但产量效应不明显；地膜覆盖有些年份增产效应明显，但不利于土壤肥力的持续提高。因此，在黄土高原西部旱农区实施免耕秸秆覆盖既有利于作物产量的提高，也可以改善耕层土壤肥力。
通過長期定位試驗，研究瞭黃土高原西部旱農區傳統耕作措施（T）和5種保護性耕作措施免耕＋秸稈覆蓋（NTS ）、免耕（NT ）、傳統耕作＋秸稈還田（TS ）、傳統耕作＋地膜覆蓋（TP ）和免耕＋地膜覆蓋（NTP ）對土壤有機質、速效養分以及作物產量的影響。結果錶明，經過6a不同耕作措施後，各處理土壤有機C、NO3－N以及速效P含量均有所提高，其中有機C含量比試驗初期提高瞭4．92％～18．05％，NO3－N含量提高瞭17．98％～31．08％，速效P含量提高143．04％～212．87％。各處理土壤速效鉀含量均有所下降，其中以NTS和TS降幅較小，僅為2．75％和6．26％。6 a間小麥和豌豆平均產量均以NTS最高（分彆為2030 kg · hm－2和1381 kg · hm－2），而NT最低（1608 kg·hm－2和1060 kg·hm－2）。傳統耕作秸稈還田能促進土壤耕層肥力的提高，但產量效應不明顯；地膜覆蓋有些年份增產效應明顯，但不利于土壤肥力的持續提高。因此，在黃土高原西部旱農區實施免耕秸稈覆蓋既有利于作物產量的提高，也可以改善耕層土壤肥力。
통과장기정위시험，연구료황토고원서부한농구전통경작조시（T）화5충보호성경작조시면경＋갈간복개（NTS ）、면경（NT ）、전통경작＋갈간환전（TS ）、전통경작＋지막복개（TP ）화면경＋지막복개（NTP ）대토양유궤질、속효양분이급작물산량적영향。결과표명，경과6a불동경작조시후，각처리토양유궤C、NO3－N이급속효P함량균유소제고，기중유궤C함량비시험초기제고료4．92％～18．05％，NO3－N함량제고료17．98％～31．08％，속효P함량제고143．04％～212．87％。각처리토양속효갑함량균유소하강，기중이NTS화TS강폭교소，부위2．75％화6．26％。6 a간소맥화완두평균산량균이NTS최고（분별위2030 kg · hm－2화1381 kg · hm－2），이NT최저（1608 kg·hm－2화1060 kg·hm－2）。전통경작갈간환전능촉진토양경층비력적제고，단산량효응불명현；지막복개유사년빈증산효응명현，단불리우토양비력적지속제고。인차，재황토고원서부한농구실시면경갈간복개기유리우작물산량적제고，야가이개선경층토양비력。
This study determined the long-term effects of tillage systems on soil nutrients and crop productivity in a semiarid environment .A long-term field study was initiated at Dingxi , the western Loess Plateau of China , in 2001 . Field pea ( Pisum sativum L .) in rotation with spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L .) were grown under six tillage sys-tems :conventional tillage (T ) , conventional tillage with stubble incorporating (TS ) , no-till with no stubble retention (NT) ,no-till with stubble retention (NTS) ,conventional tillage with plastic film mulching (TP) ,and no-till with plas-tic mulching (NTP) .The results showed that ,compared with the pretreatment ,six tillage systems increased soil organic carbon by 4 .92% ~18 .05% ,available N by 17 .98% ~31 .08% ,available P by 143 .04% ~212 .87% .However , compared with the pretreatment ,six tillage systems decreased available K by 2 .75% and 6 .26% under NTS and TS ,re-spectively .The average grain yields in a six-years term were highest under NTS with stubble retention for both spring wheat and field pea(2 030 vs .1 381 kg·hm-2 ) ,and lowest under NT without stubble retention for both spring wheat and field pea (1 608 vs .1 060 kg · hm-2 ) .Conventional tillage with stubble incorporating could improve soil fertility , but this practice could not increase grain yield .The plastic mulch could increase grain yield in some seasons ,but this practice could not sustainably improve soil fertility .Therefore ,no-till with stubble retention is the most promising system for increasing grain yield and improving the sustainable development of agriculture in the semiarid Northwest China .
