干旱地区农业研究
榦旱地區農業研究
간한지구농업연구
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE ARID AREAS
2015年
3期
159-163,183
,共6页
赵建华%孙建好%樊廷录%李伟绮%唐晓东
趙建華%孫建好%樊廷錄%李偉綺%唐曉東
조건화%손건호%번정록%리위기%당효동
玉米行距%大豆/玉米间作%产量%种间相对竞争力
玉米行距%大豆/玉米間作%產量%種間相對競爭力
옥미행거%대두/옥미간작%산량%충간상대경쟁력
maize row space%soybean/maize intercropping system%yield%interspecific competition
为明确大豆/玉米间作体系中玉米最佳种植行距,通过设置5个间作玉米种植行距(D10:10 cm、D20:20 cm、D45:45 cm、D60:60 cm、D70:70 cm ),研究不同玉米种植行距对作物产量、体系生产力、种间相对竞争力的影响。结果表明:玉米行距改变不影响间作产量优势,土地当量比(land equivalent ratio ,LER )均大于1;随玉米行距的增加,间作大豆产量随之下降,间作玉米产量随之升高,系统生产力(system production ,SP )随之提升;间作玉米行距改变显著影响了间作大豆的结荚数和单株粒数,单株结荚数从D10处理的38.5荚·株-1下降为D70处理的15.8荚·株-1,单株粒数从D10处理的66.6粒·株-1下降为D70处理的26.4粒·株-1;随玉米行距的增加,间作玉米穗粒数呈现先增加后减小的趋势,D60处理穗粒数最大,达606粒;间作玉米行距改变显著影响了种间相对竞争力,随间作玉米种植行距的增加,大豆相对于玉米的竞争力Asm逐渐弱化,竞争力平衡点出现在D45处理,采样期平均Asm为0.01。因此,综合考虑间作体系产量,作物产量和种间竞争力,D45处理为大豆/玉米间作体系间作玉米的最佳行距配置。
為明確大豆/玉米間作體繫中玉米最佳種植行距,通過設置5箇間作玉米種植行距(D10:10 cm、D20:20 cm、D45:45 cm、D60:60 cm、D70:70 cm ),研究不同玉米種植行距對作物產量、體繫生產力、種間相對競爭力的影響。結果錶明:玉米行距改變不影響間作產量優勢,土地噹量比(land equivalent ratio ,LER )均大于1;隨玉米行距的增加,間作大豆產量隨之下降,間作玉米產量隨之升高,繫統生產力(system production ,SP )隨之提升;間作玉米行距改變顯著影響瞭間作大豆的結莢數和單株粒數,單株結莢數從D10處理的38.5莢·株-1下降為D70處理的15.8莢·株-1,單株粒數從D10處理的66.6粒·株-1下降為D70處理的26.4粒·株-1;隨玉米行距的增加,間作玉米穗粒數呈現先增加後減小的趨勢,D60處理穗粒數最大,達606粒;間作玉米行距改變顯著影響瞭種間相對競爭力,隨間作玉米種植行距的增加,大豆相對于玉米的競爭力Asm逐漸弱化,競爭力平衡點齣現在D45處理,採樣期平均Asm為0.01。因此,綜閤攷慮間作體繫產量,作物產量和種間競爭力,D45處理為大豆/玉米間作體繫間作玉米的最佳行距配置。
위명학대두/옥미간작체계중옥미최가충식행거,통과설치5개간작옥미충식행거(D10:10 cm、D20:20 cm、D45:45 cm、D60:60 cm、D70:70 cm ),연구불동옥미충식행거대작물산량、체계생산력、충간상대경쟁력적영향。결과표명:옥미행거개변불영향간작산량우세,토지당량비(land equivalent ratio ,LER )균대우1;수옥미행거적증가,간작대두산량수지하강,간작옥미산량수지승고,계통생산력(system production ,SP )수지제승;간작옥미행거개변현저영향료간작대두적결협수화단주립수,단주결협수종D10처리적38.5협·주-1하강위D70처리적15.8협·주-1,단주립수종D10처리적66.6립·주-1하강위D70처리적26.4립·주-1;수옥미행거적증가,간작옥미수립수정현선증가후감소적추세,D60처리수립수최대,체606립;간작옥미행거개변현저영향료충간상대경쟁력,수간작옥미충식행거적증가,대두상대우옥미적경쟁력Asm축점약화,경쟁력평형점출현재D45처리,채양기평균Asm위0.01。인차,종합고필간작체계산량,작물산량화충간경쟁력,D45처리위대두/옥미간작체계간작옥미적최가행거배치。
In order to propose a reasonable row spacing of maize in the soybean/maize intercropping system ,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of row spacing of maize on system productivity and interspecific compe-tition ,by performing five maize row spacing treatments (D10:10 cm ,D20:20 cm ,D45:45 cm ,D60:60 cm ,D70:70 cm) .The results showed that the intercropping advantage was not affected by maize row spacing ,for that the land e-quivalent ratio (LER) was more than 1 .As row spacing increased ,the yield of intercropped soybean decreased ,whereas that of maize increased ,resulting in higher the system productivity .The pod numbers and grain numbers per plant of in-tercropped soybean were significantly affected by row spacing ,pod numbers per plant decreased from 38 .5 pods·plant-1 under D10 to 15 .8 pods·plant-1 under D70 ,grain numbers per plant of soybean decreased from 66 .6 grains·plant-1 to 26 .4 grains·plant-1 .As row spacing increased ,the grain numbers per spike of intercropped maize increased firstly and then decreased .It was highest when maize row spacing was 60 cm ,having 606 grains per spike .Maize row spacing also significantly affected interspecific competition .D45 was more reasonable for maize row spacing in soybean/maize inter-cropping system ,considering system productivity and interspecific competition .