草业学报
草業學報
초업학보
PRATACULTURAL SCIENCE
2015年
6期
92-98
,共7页
成慧%常生华%陈先江%侯扶江
成慧%常生華%陳先江%侯扶江
성혜%상생화%진선강%후부강
小谷物%籽实生产%营养体农业%引黄灌区
小穀物%籽實生產%營養體農業%引黃灌區
소곡물%자실생산%영양체농업%인황관구
small grain crops%grain production%vegetative agriculture%Yellow River irrigation area
优质饲草生产是区域草地农业系统稳定的关键，引黄灌区存在季节性饲草亏缺。小麦、燕麦和黑麦等小谷物在引黄灌区有悠久的种植历史，具有生长快、耐刈割和再生能力强的特点，春季直到初夏可以放牧或刈割鲜草，也可调制干草冷季饲用，是潜在的饲草作物。在景泰引黄灌区模拟家畜轮牧小麦、燕麦和黑麦3种小谷物，比较其饲用价值，以期为利用现有作物资源发展动物生产、改革和完善农业系统提供科学依据。结果表明，在景泰引黄灌区模拟家畜轮牧春小麦、燕麦和黑麦3种小谷物，燕麦产草量分别比黑麦和春小麦高38．8％和9．9％，当用作籽实生产时春小麦和燕麦地上部分总生物量分别高于模拟放牧37．5％和35．0％，黑麦差异不显著。轮牧利用的3种小谷物粗蛋白产量显著高于籽实生产。春小麦和黑麦的粗脂肪含量在模拟轮牧下明显高于用于籽实生产，但轮牧下燕麦粗脂肪产量低于籽实生产。轮牧利用后小谷物的粗纤维含量分别下降42．9％，53．0％和21．9％。轮牧后小谷物可溶性碳水化合物含量逐渐增加，而籽实生产的春小麦和黑麦可溶性碳水化合物含量先增加后下降。轮牧下3种小谷物 NDF、ADF 和纤维素含量低于其用于籽实生产。定量评价，小谷物轮牧利用比籽实生产更具饲用价值，而燕麦的饲用价值高于其他两种作物。
優質飼草生產是區域草地農業繫統穩定的關鍵，引黃灌區存在季節性飼草虧缺。小麥、燕麥和黑麥等小穀物在引黃灌區有悠久的種植歷史，具有生長快、耐刈割和再生能力彊的特點，春季直到初夏可以放牧或刈割鮮草，也可調製榦草冷季飼用，是潛在的飼草作物。在景泰引黃灌區模擬傢畜輪牧小麥、燕麥和黑麥3種小穀物，比較其飼用價值，以期為利用現有作物資源髮展動物生產、改革和完善農業繫統提供科學依據。結果錶明，在景泰引黃灌區模擬傢畜輪牧春小麥、燕麥和黑麥3種小穀物，燕麥產草量分彆比黑麥和春小麥高38．8％和9．9％，噹用作籽實生產時春小麥和燕麥地上部分總生物量分彆高于模擬放牧37．5％和35．0％，黑麥差異不顯著。輪牧利用的3種小穀物粗蛋白產量顯著高于籽實生產。春小麥和黑麥的粗脂肪含量在模擬輪牧下明顯高于用于籽實生產，但輪牧下燕麥粗脂肪產量低于籽實生產。輪牧利用後小穀物的粗纖維含量分彆下降42．9％，53．0％和21．9％。輪牧後小穀物可溶性碳水化閤物含量逐漸增加，而籽實生產的春小麥和黑麥可溶性碳水化閤物含量先增加後下降。輪牧下3種小穀物 NDF、ADF 和纖維素含量低于其用于籽實生產。定量評價，小穀物輪牧利用比籽實生產更具飼用價值，而燕麥的飼用價值高于其他兩種作物。
우질사초생산시구역초지농업계통은정적관건，인황관구존재계절성사초우결。소맥、연맥화흑맥등소곡물재인황관구유유구적충식역사，구유생장쾌、내예할화재생능력강적특점，춘계직도초하가이방목혹예할선초，야가조제간초랭계사용，시잠재적사초작물。재경태인황관구모의가축륜목소맥、연맥화흑맥3충소곡물，비교기사용개치，이기위이용현유작물자원발전동물생산、개혁화완선농업계통제공과학의거。결과표명，재경태인황관구모의가축륜목춘소맥、연맥화흑맥3충소곡물，연맥산초량분별비흑맥화춘소맥고38．8％화9．9％，당용작자실생산시춘소맥화연맥지상부분총생물량분별고우모의방목37．5％화35．0％，흑맥차이불현저。륜목이용적3충소곡물조단백산량현저고우자실생산。춘소맥화흑맥적조지방함량재모의륜목하명현고우용우자실생산，단륜목하연맥조지방산량저우자실생산。륜목이용후소곡물적조섬유함량분별하강42．9％，53．0％화21．9％。륜목후소곡물가용성탄수화합물함량축점증가，이자실생산적춘소맥화흑맥가용성탄수화합물함량선증가후하강。륜목하3충소곡물 NDF、ADF 화섬유소함량저우기용우자실생산。정량평개，소곡물륜목이용비자실생산경구사용개치，이연맥적사용개치고우기타량충작물。
Changes in the growth and nutrition content of cereals (spring wheat,oats and rye)under simulated rotational grazing utilization (SG)were studied in the Yellow River irrigation area.The results showed that under SG the forage yields of oats were 38.8% and 9.9% more than that of rye and spring wheat respectively. The total above-ground yields (grain and straw)of spring wheat and rye when used as grain production (GP, traditional utilization method)were 37.5% and 35.0% higher than when they were used as SG,while there was no significant difference in rye yields across the two utilizations.Crude protein yields of the three small grain crops were significantly higher under SG than GP.Crude fat contents of spring wheat and rye were higherunder SG than GP,but crude fat yields of oats were lower under SG.Compared with GP,crude fiber contents of the three small grain crops under SG decreased by 42.9%,53.0% and 21.9% respectively.Grazing resulted in an increase of water soluble carbohydrate contents and lower NDF,ADF and crude fiber contents when com-pared with GP.On the whole,the three small grain crops have higher feed evaluation scores when they were used as SG and the score of rye was highest.
