草业学报
草業學報
초업학보
PRATACULTURAL SCIENCE
2015年
6期
43-52
,共10页
鱼小军%景媛媛%徐长林%师尚礼%张建文%陈陆军%杨海磊%肖红
魚小軍%景媛媛%徐長林%師尚禮%張建文%陳陸軍%楊海磊%肖紅
어소군%경원원%서장림%사상례%장건문%진륙군%양해뢰%초홍
垄沟覆膜%苜蓿%高寒区%生长特性%根颈和根系特征
壟溝覆膜%苜蓿%高寒區%生長特性%根頸和根繫特徵
롱구복막%목숙%고한구%생장특성%근경화근계특정
film mulching on ridge and over furrow%alfalfa%alpine region%growth characteristics%crown and root characteristics
高寒区缺乏耐寒苜蓿品种和适宜的栽培技术,严重阻碍了该区域旱作苜蓿和草地畜牧业的发展。为高寒区苜蓿的高产栽培提供理论依据,在天祝高寒牧区研究了垄沟覆膜、垄沟覆膜+覆土、平膜全覆和垄沟4种种植方法下苜蓿生长特性及第2年苜蓿返青时的根颈和根系形态特征。结果表明,垄沟覆膜处理显著提高了高寒区苜蓿的生长,促进了苜蓿根颈、根颈芽和根系的生长。在种植当年,垄沟覆膜下苜蓿的自然株高可达41.2 cm,2级分枝数达25.1个,鲜草和干草产量分别达975.44和249.37 kg/hm2,均显著高于垄沟覆膜+覆土、平膜全覆和垄沟处理(P <0.05)。与垄沟种植方式相比,垄沟覆膜种植方式下的苜蓿鲜草产量提高了74%,干草产量提高了73.2%。垄沟覆膜处理下苜蓿单株根颈返青芽数(17.0个/株)和根颈直径(9.87 mm)分别是垄沟处理(6.5个/株,2.00 mm)的2.63和4.94倍。垄沟覆膜和平膜全覆的苜蓿根颈入土深度分别为3.37和3.35 cm,显著低于垄沟覆膜+覆土处理(4.71 cm)与垄沟处理(4.73 cm)。垄沟覆膜处理下的苜蓿单株根体积(9.288 cm3/株)、根表面积(466.287 cm2/株)、根系生物量(7.76 g/株)、主根长度(85.55 cm)、主根直径(8.36 mm)和侧根数(26.27个)均显著高于平膜全覆处理、垄沟覆膜+覆土处理和垄沟处理(P <0.05)。平膜全覆处理和垄沟覆膜+覆土处理间的根颈芽数、根颈直径、根表面积、根体积和根系生物量差异不显著(P >0.05),但显著高于垄沟处理(P <0.05)。平膜全覆处理、垄沟覆膜+覆土和垄沟处理间的主根长度、主根直径和根系生物量差异不显著(P >0.05)。试验表明,垄沟覆膜处理极大地提高了苜蓿的根颈粗、根颈芽、主根深、根体积、根系表面积和根系生物量,提高了苜蓿产草量,建议在类似甘肃天祝高寒区的地区使用垄沟覆膜技术建植苜蓿人工草地。
高寒區缺乏耐寒苜蓿品種和適宜的栽培技術,嚴重阻礙瞭該區域旱作苜蓿和草地畜牧業的髮展。為高寒區苜蓿的高產栽培提供理論依據,在天祝高寒牧區研究瞭壟溝覆膜、壟溝覆膜+覆土、平膜全覆和壟溝4種種植方法下苜蓿生長特性及第2年苜蓿返青時的根頸和根繫形態特徵。結果錶明,壟溝覆膜處理顯著提高瞭高寒區苜蓿的生長,促進瞭苜蓿根頸、根頸芽和根繫的生長。在種植噹年,壟溝覆膜下苜蓿的自然株高可達41.2 cm,2級分枝數達25.1箇,鮮草和榦草產量分彆達975.44和249.37 kg/hm2,均顯著高于壟溝覆膜+覆土、平膜全覆和壟溝處理(P <0.05)。與壟溝種植方式相比,壟溝覆膜種植方式下的苜蓿鮮草產量提高瞭74%,榦草產量提高瞭73.2%。壟溝覆膜處理下苜蓿單株根頸返青芽數(17.0箇/株)和根頸直徑(9.87 mm)分彆是壟溝處理(6.5箇/株,2.00 mm)的2.63和4.94倍。壟溝覆膜和平膜全覆的苜蓿根頸入土深度分彆為3.37和3.35 cm,顯著低于壟溝覆膜+覆土處理(4.71 cm)與壟溝處理(4.73 cm)。壟溝覆膜處理下的苜蓿單株根體積(9.288 cm3/株)、根錶麵積(466.287 cm2/株)、根繫生物量(7.76 g/株)、主根長度(85.55 cm)、主根直徑(8.36 mm)和側根數(26.27箇)均顯著高于平膜全覆處理、壟溝覆膜+覆土處理和壟溝處理(P <0.05)。平膜全覆處理和壟溝覆膜+覆土處理間的根頸芽數、根頸直徑、根錶麵積、根體積和根繫生物量差異不顯著(P >0.05),但顯著高于壟溝處理(P <0.05)。平膜全覆處理、壟溝覆膜+覆土和壟溝處理間的主根長度、主根直徑和根繫生物量差異不顯著(P >0.05)。試驗錶明,壟溝覆膜處理極大地提高瞭苜蓿的根頸粗、根頸芽、主根深、根體積、根繫錶麵積和根繫生物量,提高瞭苜蓿產草量,建議在類似甘肅天祝高寒區的地區使用壟溝覆膜技術建植苜蓿人工草地。
고한구결핍내한목숙품충화괄의적재배기술,엄중조애료해구역한작목숙화초지축목업적발전。위고한구목숙적고산재배제공이론의거,재천축고한목구연구료롱구복막、롱구복막+복토、평막전복화롱구4충충식방법하목숙생장특성급제2년목숙반청시적근경화근계형태특정。결과표명,롱구복막처리현저제고료고한구목숙적생장,촉진료목숙근경、근경아화근계적생장。재충식당년,롱구복막하목숙적자연주고가체41.2 cm,2급분지수체25.1개,선초화간초산량분별체975.44화249.37 kg/hm2,균현저고우롱구복막+복토、평막전복화롱구처리(P <0.05)。여롱구충식방식상비,롱구복막충식방식하적목숙선초산량제고료74%,간초산량제고료73.2%。롱구복막처리하목숙단주근경반청아수(17.0개/주)화근경직경(9.87 mm)분별시롱구처리(6.5개/주,2.00 mm)적2.63화4.94배。롱구복막화평막전복적목숙근경입토심도분별위3.37화3.35 cm,현저저우롱구복막+복토처리(4.71 cm)여롱구처리(4.73 cm)。롱구복막처리하적목숙단주근체적(9.288 cm3/주)、근표면적(466.287 cm2/주)、근계생물량(7.76 g/주)、주근장도(85.55 cm)、주근직경(8.36 mm)화측근수(26.27개)균현저고우평막전복처리、롱구복막+복토처리화롱구처리(P <0.05)。평막전복처리화롱구복막+복토처리간적근경아수、근경직경、근표면적、근체적화근계생물량차이불현저(P >0.05),단현저고우롱구처리(P <0.05)。평막전복처리、롱구복막+복토화롱구처리간적주근장도、주근직경화근계생물량차이불현저(P >0.05)。시험표명,롱구복막처리겁대지제고료목숙적근경조、근경아、주근심、근체적、근계표면적화근계생물량,제고료목숙산초량,건의재유사감숙천축고한구적지구사용롱구복막기술건식목숙인공초지。
The lack of cold-resistant alfalfa varieties and appropriate cultivation techniques has greatly restricted the development of dry land alfalfa production and animal husbandry in alpine areas.This study compared fourestablishment treatments;plastic film mulching on ridges and furrows (A);film mulching parallel to the ground (B);film mulching on ridges and furrows+soil cover (C)and standard ridge and furrow planting (D). The study was conducted in an alpine region at Tianzhu.The growth characteristics of alfalfa were assessed in year 1 and crown and root characteristics in year 2.Treatment ‘A’significantly (P <0.05)increased alfalfa growth in the 1st year (249.37 kg/hm2 )compared to all other treatments.Total root volume (9.288 cm3/plant)root surface area (466.287 cm2/plant),root biomass (7.76 g/plant),root length (85.55 cm),root di-ameter (8.36 mm)and lateral root number (26.27)of treatment A were significantly higher than that of all other treatments (P <0.05).Crown bud numbers,crown diameter,root volume,root surface area and root biomass of treatments B and C were not significantly different but were significantly higher than treatment D (P <0.05).There were no differences in tap root depth,diameter and root biomass between treatments B,C and D.The present study showed that film mulching on ridges and furrows greatly improved alfalfa crown di-ameter,crown bud numbers,tap root depth,root volume,root surface area,root biomass and forage yield in-dicating considerable potential for the use of this technique in alpine areas.