草业学报
草業學報
초업학보
PRATACULTURAL SCIENCE
2015年
6期
16-24
,共9页
隋媛媛%许晓鸿%张瑜%欧洋%阎百兴%王佩将%崔海锋%崔斌
隋媛媛%許曉鴻%張瑜%歐洋%閻百興%王珮將%崔海鋒%崔斌
수원원%허효홍%장유%구양%염백흥%왕패장%최해봉%최빈
东北黑土区%降雨截留%树干流%截留率
東北黑土區%降雨截留%樹榦流%截留率
동북흑토구%강우절류%수간류%절류솔
Northeast black soil areas of China%precipitation interception%stemflow%interception percentage
为了解林冠截留对东北黑土区水土保持林水分循环、分配及利用率的影响，以落叶松和落叶松－蒙古栎混交林为研究对象，在吉林省东辽县杏木小流域布设野外观测试验，对两种不同林分降雨截留特征进行分析。在15次降雨观测中，落叶松与落叶松－蒙古栎混交林的林下穿透雨分别占总降雨量的72．02％和67．42％，树干流占2．62％和2．74％，截留量占25．32％和29．80％，两种林分林冠截留率为8．93％～73．50％，落叶松－蒙古栎混交林对降雨的截留作用较佳。落叶松与落叶松－蒙古栎混交林产生地表径流各8次，共计产流3．52和3．40 mm。不同林分林下穿透雨和截留量随月份变化表现为8月＞7月＞6月＞5月＞9月，树干流为7月＞8月＞6月＞5月＞9月，9月截留率最高，分别为44．49％和49．02％，7月份截留率最低，分别为20．40％和25．17％。不同林种林下穿透雨、树干流及截留量均与降雨量呈显著线性相关（P ＜0．05），且当降雨量＜30 mm 时，树干流增幅较小，降雨量＞30 mm 时，树干流迅速增加并逐渐趋于平稳。截留率随着降雨量的增加则逐渐降低，当降雨量较小时（＜30 mm），林冠截留率由73．50％降低到21．90％，随着降雨量的增大，截留率变化幅度较小，并趋于稳定。两林分林下穿透雨与降雨强度呈显著线性相关（P ＜0．05），树干流与降雨强度以对数拟合较好（P ＜0．05），降雨强度与林冠截留量和截留率相关性不显著。当降雨强度≤2．65 mm／h 时，两林分林冠截留率均大于50％。
為瞭解林冠截留對東北黑土區水土保持林水分循環、分配及利用率的影響，以落葉鬆和落葉鬆－矇古櫟混交林為研究對象，在吉林省東遼縣杏木小流域佈設野外觀測試驗，對兩種不同林分降雨截留特徵進行分析。在15次降雨觀測中，落葉鬆與落葉鬆－矇古櫟混交林的林下穿透雨分彆佔總降雨量的72．02％和67．42％，樹榦流佔2．62％和2．74％，截留量佔25．32％和29．80％，兩種林分林冠截留率為8．93％～73．50％，落葉鬆－矇古櫟混交林對降雨的截留作用較佳。落葉鬆與落葉鬆－矇古櫟混交林產生地錶徑流各8次，共計產流3．52和3．40 mm。不同林分林下穿透雨和截留量隨月份變化錶現為8月＞7月＞6月＞5月＞9月，樹榦流為7月＞8月＞6月＞5月＞9月，9月截留率最高，分彆為44．49％和49．02％，7月份截留率最低，分彆為20．40％和25．17％。不同林種林下穿透雨、樹榦流及截留量均與降雨量呈顯著線性相關（P ＜0．05），且噹降雨量＜30 mm 時，樹榦流增幅較小，降雨量＞30 mm 時，樹榦流迅速增加併逐漸趨于平穩。截留率隨著降雨量的增加則逐漸降低，噹降雨量較小時（＜30 mm），林冠截留率由73．50％降低到21．90％，隨著降雨量的增大，截留率變化幅度較小，併趨于穩定。兩林分林下穿透雨與降雨彊度呈顯著線性相關（P ＜0．05），樹榦流與降雨彊度以對數擬閤較好（P ＜0．05），降雨彊度與林冠截留量和截留率相關性不顯著。噹降雨彊度≤2．65 mm／h 時，兩林分林冠截留率均大于50％。
위료해림관절류대동북흑토구수토보지림수분순배、분배급이용솔적영향，이락협송화락협송－몽고력혼교림위연구대상，재길림성동료현행목소류역포설야외관측시험，대량충불동림분강우절류특정진행분석。재15차강우관측중，락협송여락협송－몽고력혼교림적림하천투우분별점총강우량적72．02％화67．42％，수간류점2．62％화2．74％，절류량점25．32％화29．80％，량충림분림관절류솔위8．93％～73．50％，락협송－몽고력혼교림대강우적절류작용교가。락협송여락협송－몽고력혼교림산생지표경류각8차，공계산류3．52화3．40 mm。불동림분림하천투우화절류량수월빈변화표현위8월＞7월＞6월＞5월＞9월，수간류위7월＞8월＞6월＞5월＞9월，9월절류솔최고，분별위44．49％화49．02％，7월빈절류솔최저，분별위20．40％화25．17％。불동림충림하천투우、수간류급절류량균여강우량정현저선성상관（P ＜0．05），차당강우량＜30 mm 시，수간류증폭교소，강우량＞30 mm 시，수간류신속증가병축점추우평은。절류솔수착강우량적증가칙축점강저，당강우량교소시（＜30 mm），림관절류솔유73．50％강저도21．90％，수착강우량적증대，절류솔변화폭도교소，병추우은정。량림분림하천투우여강우강도정현저선성상관（P ＜0．05），수간류여강우강도이대수의합교호（P ＜0．05），강우강도여림관절류량화절류솔상관성불현저。당강우강도≤2．65 mm／h 시，량림분림관절류솔균대우50％。
A study of forests for soil and water conservation has been undertaken to learn the effect of canopy interception on water circle,allocation and utilization in the Northeast black soil areas of China.Field monito-ring data was used to investigate precipitation interception in two forest types [Larix gmelinii (LG)and Quer-cus mongolica-Larix gmelinii (QM-LG)]in the Xingmu small watershed of Dongliao County,Jilin Province. During the 15 rainfalls from May to September 2013,throughfall accounted for 72.0% and 67.4% of LG andQM-LG total precipitation respectively.Stemflow made up 2.6% and 2.7% of total rainfall and 25.3% and 29.8% of interception respectively.Interception percentages in the two forests varied from 8.9% to 73.5%. Compared with LG,QM-LG had higher interception efficiency.8 rainfall events generated surface runoff for LG at 3.52 mm and QM-LG at 3.40 mm.Monthly throughfall and interception in the two forests ranked as August>July>June>May>September,and stemflow as July>August>June>May>September.Monthly interception percentages in the two forests were the highest in September (44.5% and 49.0%)and the lowest in July (20.4% and 25.2%).Throughfall,stemflow and interception had significant linear associations with total rainfall.Stemflow increased slightly with light rain and more significantly when rainfall was above 30 mm.Interception percentages gradually decreased with increases in precipitation.Throughfall in LG and QM-LG was significantly positively correlated with rainfall intensity.Stemflow and rainfall intensity could be fitted with logarithmic curve.However,the relationship between rainfall intensity and interception or interception percentage was not significant.The interception percentage of the two forests was more than 50% when rain-fall intensity was equal to or less than 2.65 mm/h.
