CAJ | 학술논문

德国“双元制”培养模式，其发展成就、难题和对策对促进我国职教改革发展具有重要参考价值。当前，我国职教人才培养面临培养模式不规范、职教人才供需结构失衡、毕业生就业质量不高、培养监管不到位和运行机制不顺畅等问题。借鉴德国职业经验，我国应消化吸收德国“双元制”的理念和逻辑，反思30年的借鉴经验和教训；在坚持尊重个性差异的基础上，实施“工作过程导向”课程，构建“双师型”师资队伍，开展校企深度融合，完善职教人才培养管理体制和保障机制；坚持以“理念移植”为蓝本，以“整体移植”、“试点移植”为补充，以“定制化移植”为特色，实现我国职教人才培养的制度性后发优势。
덕국“쌍원제”배양모식，기발전성취、난제화대책대촉진아국직교개혁발전구유중요삼고개치。당전，아국직교인재배양면림배양모식불규범、직교인재공수결구실형、필업생취업질량불고、배양감관불도위화운행궤제불순창등문제。차감덕국직업경험，아국응소화흡수덕국“쌍원제”적이념화라집，반사30년적차감경험화교훈；재견지존중개성차이적기출상，실시“공작과정도향”과정，구건“쌍사형”사자대오，개전교기심도융합，완선직교인재배양관리체제화보장궤제；견지이“이념이식”위람본，이“정체이식”、“시점이식”위보충，이“정제화이식”위특색，실현아국직교인재배양적제도성후발우세。
The development achievements, difficulties and countermeasures of German dual system has certain reference value for promoting the reform and development of vocational education in China. The present talent cultivation of vocational education in China confronts problems such as the irregular of cultivation model, structural imbalance of talent need and supply, etc. Based on it, Chinese talent cultivation of vocational education can compare its training level with corresponding part of German dual system, and absorb its advanced cultivation philosophy. Besides, it should implement the working process-oriented curriculum, construct the teaching body of dual-qualification teachers, carry out the profound integration of schools and enterprises and improve the management system and safeguard mechanism of talent cultivation of vocational education on the basis of respect for individual differences. Moreover, it should be based on “philosophy transplantation”, adjusted by “trial transplantation”, and characterized by “customized transplantation”, which will help Chinese talent cultivation of vocational education realize institutional late-mover advantages.